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The following definitions and illustrations are intended to establish common nomenclature and terminology for universal joints and driveshafts used in various driveline applications. In addition, useful guidelines are included for the application of universal joints and driveshafts. For more specific details, see Universal Joint and Driveshaft Design Manual, AE-7.

The following definitions and illustrations are intended to establish common nomenclature and terminology for universal joints and driveshafts used in various driveline applications. In addition, useful guidelines are included for the application of universal joints and driveshafts. For more specific details, see Universal Joint and Driveshaft Design Manual, AE-7.

This document specified the main dimensions and tolerances which affect interchangeability between end yoke earwork for the most common North American-used universal joints. Dimensions and tolerances of the mating universal joints are left to the discretion of the universal joint manufacturers. The term “earwork” refers to the configuration and geometry defining end yoke connections directly provided for universal joint cross attachment of drivelines. Earwork for certain styles of universal joint connections and flange connections have for a long time been proprietary to certain manufacturers. Over years of usage, proprietary rights have expired and the industry, as a whole, has used these earworks as standard. In an effort to tabulate some of the long-established practices, the following SAE Recommended Practice has been compiled. Manufacturers do from time to time, as the need arises, change tolerances or fits to better enhance component performance.

This document specifies the main dimensions and tolerances, which affect interchangeability between end yoke earwork for the most common North American used universal joints. Dimensions and tolerances of the mating universal joints are left to the discretion of the universal joint manufacturers. The term “Earwork” refers to the configuration and geometry defining end yoke connections directly provided for universal joint cross attachment of drivelines. Earwork for certain styles of universal joint connections and flange connections have for a long time been proprietary to certain manufacturers. Over years of usage, proprietary rights have expired and the industry, as a whole, has used these earworks as standard. In an effort to tabulate some of the long established practices, the following SAE Recommended Practice has been compiled. Manufacturers do from time to time, as the need arises, change tolerances or fits to better enhance component performance.

This document specifies the main dimensions and tolerances, which affect interchangeability between end yoke earwork for the most common North American used universal joints. Dimensions and tolerances of the mating universal joints are left to the discretion of the universal joint manufacturers. The term “Earwork” refers to the configuration and geometry defining end yoke connections directly provided for universal joint cross attachment of drivelines. Earwork for certain styles of universal joint connections and flange connections have for a long time been proprietary to certain manufacturers. Over years of usage, proprietary rights have expired and the industry, as a whole, has used these earworks as standard. In an effort to tabulate some of the long established practices, the following SAE Recommended Practice has been compiled. Manufacturers do from time to time, as the need arises, change tolerances or fits to better enhance component performance.

This SAE Recommended Practice covers the most common applications of electronically controlled on-demand clutch systems used in passenger (car and light truck) vehicle applications. This practice is applicable for torque modulation devices used in transfer cases, electronic limited slip differential (eLSD) cross-axle devices, rear drive module (RDM) integrated torque transfer devices with or without disconnect capability, and other related torque transfer devices.

This recommended practice describes a spin loss and efficiency test procedure for Independent Drive Units (FDU & RDU) used in light-duty vehicles. The test procedure is conducted on an axle test rig. The test matrix determines the spin loss and efficiency values at three mileage conditions of the axle and utilizes an accelerated break-in procedure.

This SAE Recommended Practice outlines the qualification testing and performance related criteria of elastomeric boot seals used in constant velocity joint applications. These applications are referred to as front- wheel-drive halfshafts or axles, but can also be utilized in rear-wheel-drive halfshaft applications. For additional information regarding CV joint systems and their applications refer to SAE AE-7 “Universal Joint and Driveshaft Design Manual.”

This SAE Recommended Practice outlines the qualification testing and performance related criteria of elastomeric boot seals used in constant velocity joint applications. These applications are referred to as front- wheel-drive halfshafts or axles, but can also be utilized in rear-wheel-drive halfshaft applications. For additional information regarding CV joint systems and their applications refer to SAE AE-7 “Universal Joint and Driveshaft Design Manual.”

Objective to drive commonality of subcomponents across half shafts, side gears, and wheel bearings to achieve better synergy moving forward.

This document will detail the standard method for measuring the reporting the spin loss and efficiency of driveshafts (halfshafts and propeller shafts).

This SAE Recommended Practice covers transfer cases used in passenger car and light truck applications. Transfer cases are of the chain, geared, manually and electronically shifted types although other configurations are possible. The operating points (speeds, temperatures, etc.) were chosen to mirror those of the United States Environmental Protection Agency Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Driving Schedules (DDS).

This SAE Recommended Practice covers passive torque biasing axle and center differentials used in passenger car and light truck applications. Differentials are of the bevel gear, helical gear and planetary types although other configurations are possible.

This SAE Recommended Practice covers passive torque biasing axle and center differentials used in passenger car and light truck applications. Differentials are of the bevel gear, helical gear, and planetary types, although other configurations are possible.

This SAE Recommended Practice covers power transfer units (PTUs) used in passenger car and sport utility vehicles to support all wheel drive (AWD) operation. PTUs are typically full-time use geared devices (see 3.1). Some PTUs have additional features such as part-time on-demand capability via electronically actuated disconnect features, and other configurations are possible.

This SAE Recommended Practice covers beam axles utilizing hypoid gear final drives. It is a component level test, performed with three dynamometers in a “T-cell” arrangement. It includes both an efficiency characterization method, as well as a break-in method to support efficiency characterization. It was developed for beam axles used in light truck applications but may be extended to other hypoid gear drive systems.

To add relevant language to cover all-wheel drive architectures as they related to electric and electrified vehicle implementations. In this SAE Recommended Practice, attention will be given to passenger cars and light trucks (through Class III).

In this SAE Recommended Practice, attention will be given to passenger cars and light trucks (through Class III).

In this SAE Recommended Practice, attention will be given to passenger cars and light trucks (through Class III).

In this SAE Recommended Practice, attention will be given to passenger cars and light trucks (through Class III).