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Standard

Twin Engine Helicopter Power Requirements

1997-06-01
CURRENT
AIR1850A
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) defines the power spectrum during normal and emergency operations of a twin engine helicopter and thereby postulates suitable power plant rating structures. This document does not address the power requirements for single engine helicopters or those with more than two engines.
Standard

Turbine Drive Shaft Connection

2023-01-20
CURRENT
ARP721
This ARP applies to turbine engines that are to be used in helicopters. It provides the engine designer guide lines in achieving a satisfactory turbine engine drive shaft connection.
Standard

Performance of Low Pressure Ratio Ejectors for Engine Nacelle Cooling

1999-03-01
CURRENT
AIR1191A
A general method for the preliminary design of a single, straight-sided, low subsonic ejector is presented. The method is based on the information presented in References 1, 2, 3, and 4, and utilizes analytical and empirical data for the sizing of the ejector mixing duct diameter and flow length. The low subsonic restriction applies because compressibility effects were not included in the development of the basic design equations. The equations are restricted to applications where Mach numbers within the ejector primary or secondary flow paths are equal to or less than 0.3.
Standard

PERFORMANCE OF LOW PRESSURE RATIO EJECTORS FOR ENGINE NACELLE COOLING

1989-05-01
HISTORICAL
AIR1191
A general method for the preliminary design of a single, straight-sided, low subsonic ejector is presented. The method is based on the information presented in References 1, 2, 3, and 4, and utilizes analytical and empirical data for the sizing of the ejector mixing duct diameter and flow length. The low subsonic restriction applies because compressibility effects were not included in the development of the basic design equations. The equations are restricted to applications where Mach numbers within the ejector primary or secondary flow paths are equal to or less than 0.3.
Standard

Oil Systems for Helicopter Powerplants

1998-11-01
CURRENT
AIR4281
Turbine engines installed in helicopters require a highly sophisticated oil system to fulfill two tasks: a Cooling/oil supply b Lubrication While lubrication is an engine internal procedure, cooling and oil supply require more or less design activity on the aircraft side of the engine/airframe interface for proper engine function, depending on the engine type. The necessity for engine cooling and oil supply provisions on the airframe can lead to interface problems because the helicopter manufacturer can influence engine related functions due to the design of corresponding oil system components. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) deals with integration of engine oil systems with the airframe and gives information for both helicopter and engine manufacturers for a better understanding of interface requirements.
Standard

Oil Systems for Helicopter Powerplants

2022-01-13
WIP
AIR4281A
Turbine engines installed in helicopters require a highly sophisticated oil system to fulfill two tasks: a. Cooling/oil supply b. Lubrication. While lubrication is an engine internal procedure, cooling and oil supply require more or less design activity on the aircraft side of the engine/airframe interface for proper engine function, depending on the engine type. The necessity for engine cooling and oil supply provisions on the airframe can lead to interface problems because the helicopter manufacturer can influence engine related functions due to the design of corresponding oil system components. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) deals with integration of engine oil systems with the airframe and gives information for both helicopter and engine manufacturers for a better understanding of interface requirements.
Standard

Helicopter Mission Definition

2022-02-23
WIP
ARP1352A
The purpose of this recommended practice is to establish a standard format for the presentation of helicopter mission data, which will provide data required to establish airframe and/or engine component life.
Standard

Helicopter Mission Definition

1997-12-01
CURRENT
ARP1352
The purpose of this recommended practice is to establish a standard format for the presentation of helicopter mission data, which will provide data required to establish airframe and/or engine component life.
Standard

Helicopter Fuel Economy Evaluation

2022-02-23
WIP
AS1516A
The purpose of this standard is to provide a method of evaluating helicopter fuel economy which accounts for the significant technical variables in helicopter and powerplant design.
Standard

Helicopter FUEL Economy Evaluation

1998-02-01
CURRENT
AS1516
The purpose of this standard is to provide a method of evaluating helicopter fuel economy which accounts for the significant technical variables in helicopter and powerplant design.
Standard

HELICOPTER TURBINE ENGINE WASH

2020-01-31
CURRENT
AIR4416
Engines subject to dust, industrial pollution, saltwater contamination or other chemically laden atmosphere (including pesticides and herbicides) lose performance due to deposits of contaminants on surfaces in the aidgas flow path. Engine wash and engine rinse procedures are utilized to restore turbine engine performance. These procedures are generated by the engine manufacturer and are included in the Engine Maintenance/Service Manuals. For most turbine engines these procedures are similar in concept and practice; however, application details, choice of solvents and many other service features can vary from engine manufacturer to engine manufacturer and may even vary within the range of engine models produced by any manufacturer.
Standard

HELICOPTER ENGINE FOREIGN OBJECT DAMAGE

1989-11-30
HISTORICAL
AIR4096
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Information Report is to disseminate qualitative information regarding foreign object damage (FOD) to gas turbine engines used to power helicopters and to discuss methods of preventing FOD. Although turbine-powered, fixed-wing aircraft are also subject to FOD, the unique ability of the helicopter to hover above, takeoff from, and land on unprepared areas creates a special need for a separate treatment of this subject as applied to rotary-winged aircraft.
Standard

ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ROTORCRAFT

2021-03-11
CURRENT
ARP4056
Turbine engines installed in rotorcraft have an exhaust system that is designed and produced by the aircraft manufacturer. The primary function of the exhaust system is to direct hot exhaust gases away from the airframe. The exhaust system may consist of a tailpipe, which is attached to the engine, and an exhaust fairing, which is part of the rotorcraft. The engine manufacturer specifies a baseline "referee" tailpipe design, and guaranteed engine performance is based upon the use of the referee tailpipe and tailpipe exit diameter. The configuration used on the rotocraft may differ from the referee tailpipe, but it is intended to minimize additional losses attributed to the installation. This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes the physical, functional, and performance interfaces to be considered in the design of the aircraft exhaust system.
Standard

Cockpit Information Required for Helicopter Turbine Engine Operation and Maintenance

2022-03-29
WIP
AIR1963B
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) identifies Propulsion EngineerÕs recommendations for the instrumentation that is required for the safe operation and maintenance of turbine engines as installed in helicopters. It should be used as a guide for cockpit layout, as well as a reference for maintenance considerations throughout the propulsion area. Propulsion instruments should receive attention early in the design phase of the helicopter. Maintenance and diagnostics recorders are not considered within the scope of this document. (See ARP1587, "Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Monitoring System Guide".)
Standard

Cockpit Information Required for Helicopter Turbine Engine Operation and Maintenance

1997-06-01
CURRENT
AIR1963A
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) identifies Propulsion Engineer’s recommendations for the instrumentation that is required for the safe operation and maintenance of turbine engines as installed in helicopters. It should be used as a guide for cockpit layout, as well as a reference for maintenance considerations throughout the propulsion area. Propulsion instruments should receive attention early in the design phase of the helicopter. Maintenance and diagnostics recorders are not considered within the scope of this document. (See ARP1587, “Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Monitoring System Guide”.)
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