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The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to provide concepts for rational selection and application of materials for Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) and Falling Object Protective Structures (FOPS) and to provide information about the properties that should be considered in selecting and utilizing material in protective structures. While other materials could conceivably be used successfully, this report is limited to a consideration of steel with discussion on its mechanical properties and processing characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the toughness aspect (ability to resist brittle fracture) as this property is of paramount importance to structure integrity. It is emphasized that specific values for material properties have relevance to performance only in conjunction with specific design considerations such as structure size or weld joint detail and location.

The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to provide concepts for rational selection and application of materials for Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) and Falling Object Protective Structures (FOPS) and to provide information about the properties that should be considered in selecting and utilizing material in protective structures. While other materials could conceivably be used successfully, this report is limited to a consideration of steel with discussion on its mechanical properties and processing characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the toughness aspect (ability to resist brittle fracture) as this property is of paramount importance to structure integrity. It is emphasized that specific values for material properties have relevance to performance only in conjunction with specific design considerations such as structure size or weld joint detail and location.

The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to provide concepts for rational selection and application of materials for Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) and Falling Object Protective Structures (FOPS) and to provide information about the properties that should be considered in selecting and utilizing material in protective structures. While other materials could conceivably be used successfully, this report is limited to a consideration of steel with discussion on its mechanical properties and processing characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the toughness aspect (ability to resist brittle fracture) as this property is of paramount importance to structure integrity. It is emphasized that specific values for material properties have relevance to performance only in conjunction with specific design considerations such as structure size or weld joint detail and location.

The purpose of this information report is to provide concepts for rational selection and application of materials for Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) and Falling Object Protective Structures (FOPS) and to provide information about the properties that should be considered in selecting and utilizing material in protective structures. While other materials could conceivably be used successfully, this report is limited to a consideration of steel with discussion on its mechanical properties and processing characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the toughness aspect (ability to resist brittle fracture) as this property is of paramount importance to structure integrity. It is emphasized that specific values for material properties have relevance to performance only in conjunction with specific design considerations such as structure size or weld joint detail and location.

The compositions and mechanical properties are only suggested to ensure good weldability and good formability in conjunction with control of mechanical properties. The particular design must be considered to ensure that the materials selected are compatible with the design. The indicated properties are intended to assure that the ROPS or FOPS will have meaningful resistance to brittle fracture. The impact toughness requirement is the conventional Charpy V Notch evaluation: it is primarily a quality control check and the indicated temperature does not directly relate to operating conditions. Three steel product categories are covered: hollow structural members, plates, bars and shapes, and castings.

The following off-highway vehicles commonly used in earth- moving, construction, logging, and industrial applications are included (pneumatic-tired agricultural vehicles and vehicles whose use is predominantly, or entirely, in manufacturing plants and/or warehouses are specifically excluded): (a) Track-type tractors of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (b) Pneumatic-tired, self-propelled motor graders of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (c) Pneumatic-tired front-end loaders and dozers of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (d) Pneumatic-tired prime movers of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (e) Pneumatic-tired, off-highway, nontrailed hauling units, with rear or side dump bodies, of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (f) Four-wheel drive, skid steer, front-end loaders of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (g) Industrial-type, wheeled front-end loaders and dozers of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb).

The following off-highway vehicles commonly used in earthmoving, construction, logging, and industrial applications are included (pneumatic-tired agricultural vehicles and vehicles whose use is predominantly, or entirely, in manufacturing plants and/or warehouses are specifically excluded): (a) Track-type tractors of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (b) Pneumatic-tired, self-propelled motor graders of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (c) Pneumatic-tired front-end loaders and dozers of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (d) Pneumatic-tired prime movers of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (e) Pneumatic-tired, off-highway, nontrailed hauling units, with rear or side dump bodies, of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (f) Four-wheel drive, skid steer, front-end loaders of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb). (g) Industrial-type, wheeled front-end loaders and dozers of mass greater than 700 kg (1540 lb).

This SAE Standard applies to an overhead cover installed on a protective frame or enclosure conforming to SAE J2194 or alternately SAE J1194 and the following additional requirement of a drop test to verify the effectiveness of the overhead cover in protecting the operator from falling objects. The test procedures and performance requirements outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data.

This SAE Standard applies to an overhead cover installed on a protective frame or enclosure conforming to SAE J2194 or alternately SAE J1194 and the following additional requirement of a drop test to verify the effectiveness of the overhead cover in protecting the operator from falling objects. The test procedures and performance requirements outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data.

This SAE Standard applies to an overhead cover installed on a protective frame or enclosure conforming to SAE J2194 or alternately SAE J1194 and the following additional requirement of a drop test to verify the effectiveness of the overhead cover in protecting the operator from falling objects. The test procedures and performance requirements outlined in this document are based on currently available engineering data.

This SAE Recommended Practice applies only to excavators, as defined in SAE J/ISO 6165, working above ground, near an excavated or free standing bank or mine face which is higher than the top of the cab, or in demolition applications of free standing buildings or objects higher than the top of the cab.

This Recommended Practice applies only to machines covered by SAE J1040c (ROPS). The evaluations are for resistance to localized penetration. The performance requirements, of a representative specimen within the manufacturer’s specifications, are based on the performance of experience proven structures under the laboratory evaluation procedure. It is intended that all portions of this Recommended Practice shall be reviewed and revised as additional knowledge of FOPS performance becomes available.