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This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to apply to lamps, batteries, heaters, radios, and similar equipment for operation with mobile or automotive diesel engines. Twenty-four V systems have long been used for heavy-duty services because 24 V permit operating 12 V systems in series-parallel. Thirty-two V systems have been used for marine, railroad-car lighting, and other uses. Generators, storage batteries, starting motors, lighting, and auxiliary electrical equipment shall be for nominal system ratings of 12, 24, or 32 V as determined by the power requirements of the application. It is recommended that no intermediate voltages be considered. The combination of a 24 V starting motor and two 12 V batteries connected in series for cranking is considered practical where it can be adapted to the installation.

The scope of this document is to provide uniform guidelines for the application of starter motor pinions and ring gears. SAE J543 contains guidelines for the use of diametral pitch gearing. The pinion data shown are based on the Fellows stub tooth system. Refer to ISO 8123, ISO 9457-1, and ISO 9457-2 for module gearing, and corresponding metric dimensions.

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide standardized dimensions for mounting starting motors. (See Figures 1 through 4.) It is recommended that a full register diameter having a minimum depth of 2.54 mm (0.100 in) be provided in the flywheel housing to insure proper control of gear center distance and clearance between pitch diameters. The clearance between the starting motor pilot diameter and the register diameter in the flywheel housing should be 0.03 mm (0.001 in) minimum to 0.25 mm (0.010 in) maximum. Text noted with an asterisk in Figures 1, 2, and 3, should not exceed root radius of pinion in order to provide clearance for the flywheel. The face of the starting motor mounting flange should be relieved at its junction with the pilot diameter to avoid mounting interference with flywheel housing. For backlash allowance between the pinion and ring gear refer to SAE J543. Dimensional units—millimeter (inch)

The electrical cranking system components, which include the battery, cables, and cranking motor, must be carefully selected to provide the necessary speed to start an engine under the most severe climatic conditions for which the system is intended. Engine cranking loads increase with cold temperatures, therefore, the initial selection of these components needs to consider low-temperature engine torque requirements. To insure an adequate electrical cranking system is obtained, it is important that proper test procedures are used for obtaining the cranking load requirements of the engine.

The negative side of the storage battery shall be securely and adequately grounded so that the voltage drop to the starting motor is held within the limits specified in the current edition of SAE J541.

This SAE Recommended Practice provides a standard procedure for testing the output performance and plotting the performance curve of electric starting motors, and a graphical method of determining engine cranking speed.

The purpose of this SAE Standard is to specify the test circuitry and instruments required for determining the performance of automotive flashers.

This SAE Standard covers a terminal footprint for mini and micro relays used in surface vehicle electrical systems.