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In response to the appearance of formal regulations, CFR part 1065 subpart J, a new in-use emission measurement system was developed, the OBS 2000. The OBS 2200 uses partial-vacuum analyzers. The heated flame ionization detector (HFID), heated chemiluminescence detector (HCLD) and heated non-dispersive infrared analyzer (HNDIR) are all upstream of the sample pump. This design decreases the response time of the analyzers, lowers power consumption and minimizes the overall dimensions of the system by avoiding the use of a heated sample pump. The size of the heated zones is also minimized to reduce power usage. Typical power consumption of analyzer unit is less than 500 W. The overall dimension of the main unit is 350mm (W) × 330mm (H) × 500mm (D). Analyzer linearity checks as required by new regulations [1] for all available ranges will be presented along with cut point accuracies relative to full scale and percentage of point.

The application of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for petroleum diesel fuel is very effective for the reduction of CO₂ emission, because biodiesel is produced from renewable biomass resources. In Japan, neat biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil has often been applied to commercial vehicles. However, it is possible that the difference of fuel properties between conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel causes the problems on exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engine. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the effect of biodiesel fuelling on exhaust emissions from commercial vehicles. Light-duty garbage trucks and heavy-duty diesel buses which were actually fueled with biodiesel in Kyoto, Japan, were used for test vehicles in this study. The exhaust emissions from these vehicles during JE05 mode tests were compared between biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and conventional diesel fuel.

The subject of engine emissions is expected to be at the forefront of environmental regulations and consumers’ concerns for years to come. As technology develops to comply with new and different requirements in various regions of the world, understanding the fundamental principles of how engine emissions occur, and how they can be properly measured, is vitally important. Engine Emissions Measurement Handbook, developed and co-authored by HORIBA Automotive Test Systems team addresses the main aspects of this subject. Written with the technical user in mind, this title is a must-have for those involved in engine development and testing, and environmental researchers focusing on better ways to minimize emissions pollution.

Reduction of exhaust emissions and BSFC has been studied using a high boost, a wide range and high-rate EGR in a Super Clean Diesel, six-cylinder heavy duty engine. In the previous single-turbocharging system, the turbocharger was selected to yield maximum torque and power. The selected turbocharger was designed for high boosting, with maximum pressure of about twice that of the current one, using a titanium compressor. However, an important issue arose in this system: avoidance of high boosting at low engine speed. A sequential and series turbo system was proposed to improve the torque at low engine speeds. This turbo system has two turbochargers of different sizes with variable geometry turbines. At low engine speed, the small turbocharger performs most of the work. At medium engine speed, the small turbocharger and large turbocharger mainly work in series.