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Verification of Landing Gear Design Strength

2007-07-09
HISTORICAL
AIR1494A
Verification of landing gear design strength is accomplished by dynamic and static test programs. This is essentially a verification of the analytical procedures used to design the gear. An industry survey was recently conducted to determine just what analysis and testing are currently being applied to landing gear. Timing in relation to first flight of new aircraft was also questioned. Opinions were solicited from designers of the following categories and/or types of aircraft: a Military - Large Land Based (Bomber) b Military - Small Land Based (Fighter) c Military - Carrier Based (Navy) d Military - Helicopter (Large) e Military - Helicopter (Small-attack) f Commercial - Large (Airliner) g Commercial - Small (Business) h USAF (WPAFB) - Recommendations It is the objective of this AIR to present a summary of these responses. It is hoped that this summary will be useful to designers as a guide and/or check list in establishing criteria for landing gear analysis and test.
Standard

Tests, Impact, Shock Absorber Landing Gear, Aircraft

2012-10-03
CURRENT
AS6053A
This specification covers definition of landing impact tests which are to be conducted on landing gear assemblies including shock absorbers, suggested instrumentation for the tests and required data of the resulting test report. It is intended to standardize impact test procedures on landing gear shock absorbers and to provide sufficient data to allow evaluation of the design with respect to requirements of MIL-L-8552 and MIL-S-8959 as applicable.
Standard

Tail Bumpers for Piloted Aircraft

2017-07-14
CURRENT
ARP1107C
This recommended practice covers the fixed structure, or independent energy absorbing system affixed to the airframe to afford protection to the control surfaces, engine and other portions during ground handling, take-off and landing.
Standard

Tail Bumpers for Piloted Aircraft

2012-05-03
HISTORICAL
ARP1107B
This recommended practice covers the fixed structure, or independent energy absorbing system affixed to the airframe to afford protection to the control surfaces, engine and other portions during ground handling, take-off and landing.
Standard

TAIL BUMPERS FOR PILOTED AIRCRAFT

1971-07-01
HISTORICAL
ARP1107
This recommended practice covers the fixed structure, or independent energy absorbing system affixed to the airframe to afford protection to the control surfaces, engine and other portions during ground handling, take-off and landing.
Standard

TAIL BUMPERS FOR PILOTED AIRCRAFT

1991-06-11
HISTORICAL
ARP1107A
This recommended practice covers the fixed structure, or independent energy absorbing system affixed to the airframe to afford protection to the control surfaces, engine and other portions during ground handling, take-off and landing.
Standard

Recommended Actions When Disinfectants, De-icers, and Cleaners Come in Contact with Landing Gear Structure

2006-04-20
HISTORICAL
AIR5541
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) advises that some of the chemicals being used to disinfect, de-ice, and clean airplanes can cause corrosion and/or degradation of landing gear components. Landing gear equipment includes shock struts, braces, actuators, wheels, brakes, tires, and electrical components. Some of the chemicals that have been recognized as potentially injurious are identified and recommendations for mitigating damage are presented.
Standard

Recommended Actions When Disinfectants, De-icers, and Cleaners Come in Contact with Landing Gear Structure

2012-10-03
CURRENT
AIR5541A
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) advises that some of the chemicals being used to disinfect, de-ice, and clean airplanes can cause corrosion and/or degradation of landing gear components. Landing gear equipment includes shock struts, braces, actuators, wheels, brakes, tires, and electrical components. Some of the chemicals that have been recognized as potentially injurious are identified and recommendations for mitigating damage are presented.
Standard

Landing Gear Structures and Mechanisms

2015-04-27
HISTORICAL
ARP1311C
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) applies to landing gear structures and mechanisms (excluding wheels, tires, and brakes and other landing gear systems) for all types and models of civil and military aircraft. All axles, wheel forks, links, arms, mechanical and gas/oil shock struts, downlock and uplock assemblies, braces, trunnion beams, and truck beams etc., that sustain loads originating at the ground, and that are not integral parts of the airframe structure, should be designed and validated in accordance with this document. Hydraulic actuators (retraction, main and nose gear steering, positioning, damping, etc.) should also be included in this coverage. System level, non-structural components such as retraction/extension valves, controllers, secondary structure and mechanisms in the airframe (e.g., manual release mechanisms, slaved doors) as well as equipment that is located in the cockpit are not addressed in this ARP.
Standard

Landing Gear Structural Requirements as Listed in the MIL-886X Series of Specifications

2012-10-03
HISTORICAL
AS8860A
This specification contains landing gear strength and rigidity requirements, which, in combination with other applicable specifications, define the structural design, analysis, test, and data requirements for fixed wing piloted airplanes. These requirements include, but are not limited to the following: a General Specifications 1 The shock-absorption characteristics and strength of landing-gear units and the strength and rigidity of their control systems and of their carry-through structures.
Standard

Landing Gear Structural Requirements as Listed in the MIL-886X Series of Specifications

2012-05-03
HISTORICAL
AS8860
This specification contains landing gear strength and rigidity requirements, which, in combination with other applicable specifications, define the structural design, analysis, test, and data requirements for fixed wing piloted airplanes. These requirements include, but are not limited to the following: a General Specifications 1 The shock-absorption characteristics and strength of landing-gear units and the strength and rigidity of their control systems and of their carry-through structures.
Standard

Landing Gear Structural Health Monitoring

2012-04-12
HISTORICAL
AIR6168
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) discusses past and present approaches for monitoring the landing gear structure and shock absorber, methods for transient overload detection, techniques for measuring the forces seen by the landing gear structure, and methods for determining the fatigue state of the landing gear structure. This AIR covers the landing gear structure and shock absorber. It does not include the landing gear systems or landing gear wheels, tires and brakes. Landing gear tire condition and pressure monitoring are detailed in AIR4830 and ARP6137, respectively.
Standard

Landing Gear Stability

2017-10-18
CURRENT
AIR4894
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) discusses the nature of landing gear stability, describes many common landing gear stability problems, and suggests approaches and methods for solving or avoiding them.
Standard

Landing Gear Shock Strut Hydraulic Fluid

2015-04-27
HISTORICAL
AIR5358
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) was prepared by a panel of the SAE A-5 Committee. This document establishes the specifications for fluids used in landing gear shock struts with extreme pressure and antiwear additives that have been added for improved lubrication. This document requires qualified products.
Standard

Landing Gear Shock Strut Hydraulic Fluid

2016-05-06
HISTORICAL
AIR5358A
This document describes fluids used in landing gear shock struts with extreme pressure and antiwear additives that have been added for improved lubrication.
Standard

Landing Gear Shock Absorption Testing of Civil Aircraft

2020-07-14
CURRENT
ARP5644A
The intent of this document is to provide recommended practices for conducting shock absorption testing of civil aircraft landing gear equipped with oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers. The primary focus is for Part 25 aircraft, but differences for Part 23, 27, and 29 aircraft are provided where appropriate.
Standard

Landing Gear Retraction / Extension Systems

2008-05-14
WIP
ARP5569
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) will cover normal and emergency landing gear retraction/extension systems. This includes all equipment necessary for the control and sensing of the components used for raising and lowering the gear, up-locking and down-locking the gear, opening and closing the associated landing gear doors, and any latching of this equipment. The document will provide recommended practices for the use of conventional technologies and for those newer technologies now coming into use. It will include the regulatory and other safety requirements for these systems together with recommendations for; sequencing and timing, sensor selection, and failure monitoring of both normal and emergency operation and the support of maintenance and test needs.
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