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The utilization of the SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technique was extended from the robotics to the autonomous vehicles for achieving the positioning. However, SLAM cannot obtain the global position of the vehicle but a relative one to the start. For sake of this, a fast and accurate system was proposed to obtain both the local position and the global position of vehicles based on mono-SLAM which realized the SLAM by using monocular camera with a lower cost and power consumption. Firstly, the rough latitude and longitude of current position was obtained by using common GPS without differential signal. Then, the Mono-SLAM operated on the consecutive video frames to generate the localization and local trajectory and its accuracy was further improved by utilizing the IMU information. After that, a piece of Map centered in the rough position obtained by common GPS was downloaded from the Open Street Map.

In order to reduce high-frequency harmonic noise produced by the blower in the auxiliary system of a fuel cell vehicle (FCV), a narrowband active noise control (ANC) method instead of conventional passive mufflers is adopted since the blower demands clean air condition and expects good acoustic performance. However, in ANC practical applications, the frequency difference between reference signal and actual primary signal, i.e., frequency mismatch (FM), can significantly degrade the high-frequency performance of narrowband ANC system. In this paper, a new narrowband ANC system is proposed to compensate for the performance degeneration due to the existence of FM and improve noise reduction at high frequencies. The proposed system consists of two parts: the Filtered Error Least Mean Square (FELMS) algorithm filtering the primary signals at wide frequency range other than those at the targeted frequencies, and the FM removal algorithm proposed by Yegui Xiao.

Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines have attracted interest as automotive power-plants because of their potential advantages in down-sizing, fuel efficiency and in emissions reduction. However, GDI engines suffer from elevated unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions during start up process, which are sometimes worsened by misfires and partial burns. Moreover, as the engine is cranked to idle speed quickly in HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), the transients of quick starts are more dramatically than that in traditional vehicle, which challenge the optimization of combustion and emissions. In this study, test bench had been set up to investigate the GDI engine performances for ISG (Integrated Starter and Generator) HEVs during start up process. Based on the test system, cycle-controlled of the fuel injection mass, fuel injection timing and ignition timing can be obtained, as well as the cycle-resolved measurement of the HC concentrations and NO emissions.

Even though air compressors for traditional vehicles and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) share many similarities, a fuel cell vehicle cannot directly employ the effective and mass-produced traditional vehicles' air compressors. This is because the fuel cell vehicles have special requirements, such as oil free, low flow rate with high pressure ratio, high efficiency, and low weight and volume. In order to find suitable air compressors to match the fuel cell system (FCS)'s requirements, different air compressors' performance and physical characteristics are compared. These air compressors include screw compressor with expander, roots compressor with expander, turbocompressor, and scroll compressor with expander. The comparison and analysis is both theoretical and practical. Results show that the turbocompressor and the roots compressor/expander have higher performance compared to the others in the aspects of input power, system efficiency, weight, and volume.

Target detection is essential to the advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) and automatic driving. And the data fusion of millimeter wave radar and camera could provide more accurate and complete information of targets and enhance the environmental perception performance. In this paper, a method of vehicle and pedestrian detection based on the data fusion of millimeter wave radar and camera is proposed to improve the target distance estimation accuracy. The first step is the targets data acquisition. A deep learning model called Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) is utilized for targets detection in consecutive video frames captured by camera and further optimized for high real-time performance and accuracy. Secondly, the coordinate system of camera and radar are unified by coordinate transformation matrix. Then, the parallel Kalman filter is used to track the targets detected by radar and camera respectively.

A novel compound power-split hybrid transmission based on a modified Ravigneaux gear set is presented. The equivalent lever diagrams are used to investigate the electric operating modes for the hybrid powertrain, and then its dynamic and kinematic characteristics as well as efficiency characteristics are described in equations. A brake clutch mounted on the carrier shaft is proposed to enhance the electric driving efficiency for the hybrid transmission. Three types of electric operating mode are analyzed by the simplified combined lever diagrams and the system efficiency and torque characteristics for these electric operating modes are compared. A major influence on output torque of the hybrid transmission derived from the torque capability of motors and brake clutch is depicted.

In the hybrid brake system of electric vehicle, due to the limitation of the motor braking force when the motor is at high speed and the failure of the regenerative braking force when the motor is at low speed, there are three transitional conditions in hybrid braking: the hydraulic brake system intervenes the braking, the hydraulic brake system withdraws the braking and the regenerative braking force withdraws the braking. Due to the response speed of the hydraulic system is slower than that of the motor, there is a large braking impact (the derivative of braking deceleration) in the transitional conditions of hybrid braking, which deteriorates the smoothness and comfort in braking. Aiming at the impact caused by the poor cooperation between the hydraulic braking force and the motor braking force, a coordinated strategy of double closed-loop feedback and motor force correction is proposed in this paper.

Several types of power-split hybrid transmissions are outlined and the strengths and weaknesses of typical compound power-split prototype designs are summarized in this paper. Based on an modified Ravigneaux gear set, a novel compound power-split hybrid transmission with compact mechanical structure is presented, its dynamic and kinematic characteristics in equations and operating modes are described, and then equivalent lever diagrams are used to investigate the proposed compound power-split device. Control strategies in different operating modes are discussed with the simplified combined lever diagram, and a global optimization method is implemented to find the optimum operation point for the hybrid powertrain. To evaluate the fuel economy of a hybrid car equipped with this hybrid transmission, a forward powertrain simulation model is developed and real vehicle performance tests are conducted in the chassis dynamometer.

Durability and performance evaluation of the ageing catalyzed continuously regenerating trap (CCRT) on solid and volatile particles from diesel bus were studied through a set of transient TSI engine exhaust particle sizer spectrometer based on on-road test. Particle characteristics under stepped steady conditions and during regeneration were discussed in detail. Under idle and stepped steady conditions, total particle number and mass Emission Rate (ER) of each test presented rising trends as speed increase. Total number ERs of all tests showed downtrend as the CCRT aging. The particle number size distributions at different ageing stage showed changing characteristics due to developing filter mechanism. Compared with baseline data, the total number reduction rates at idle condition were incremental, from 91.4% to 98.9% as the CCRT ageing. Percentages of nuclei mode concentrations took higher range from 66.6% to 89.9% compared with the baseline data, 43.2-43.7%.

Idle stopping is one of the most important fuel saving methods for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). While the enriched injection strategy which was employed to ensure reliable ignition of first cycle will leads to even more fuel film stayed in the intake port, all of the liquid film will evaporate randomly and interfere the mixture air-fuel ratio of the followed cycles. The fuel transport of the first cycle should be enhanced to reduce the residual fuel film, and then the control of the cycle-by-cycle air-fuel ratio will become easier and the combustion and HC emissions will also be better. In this paper the mixture preparation characteristics of the unfired first cycle, as well as the combustion and HC emissions characteristics of the fired first cycle under various injection timing strategies such as close-valve injection, mid-valve injection, and open-valve injection were investigated.

From traditional vehicle to pure electric vehicle and then to range-extended electric vehicle (ReEV), the electrification of vehicle has caused a great change in NVH characteristics. ReEV has the most complex noise and vibration problems because it behaves both like traditional vehicle and pure electric vehicle. In addition, it has its own specific NVH characteristics. Firstly, internal combustion engine drives the generator rather than drives the vehicle. Due to the structure and load change, auxiliary power unit (APU) performs specific NVH characteristics. In addition, the pure electric mode will have the high frequency noise generated from the driveline because the noise couldn't be masked by the engine. In system level, unexpected and confusing sound in passenger compartment may affect the driver's comfort and judgments. Therefore, more and more attentions on these issues should be paid. NVH study and improvement methods on ReEV are emphasized.

A cycle-resolved test system was designed in a Two Stage Direct Injection (TSDI) Gasoline engine to simulate the engine quick start process in an Integrated Start and Generator (ISG) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) system. Based on the test system, measurement of the in cylinder HC concentrations near the spark plug under different engine coolant temperature and cranking speed conditions were conducted using a Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector (FFID) with Sampling Spark Plug (SSP) fits, then the in-cylinder equivalence ratio near the spark plug was estimated from the measured HC concentrations. In addition, the effects of the 1st injection timing, 2nd injection timing, and total equivalence ratio on the mixture formation near the spark plug were analyzed by means of experiments.

Because of the vehicle market competitive and of the raise of customers' demanding, NVH performance became an important job, especially for new energy vehicles. As the electric vehicle moving into the direction of high speed and large torque, electric vehicle vibration and noise problems highlighted gradually. In recent years, CAE has played an increasing role in the design, development and optimization of powertrain NVH at component and system levels. The subject of this paper was the numerical and experimental evaluation of the electromagnetic and vibro-acoustic behavior of an electric powertrain. For this purpose, a coupled and fully flexible dynamics model of the electric powertrain was developed. Then electromagnetic forces including both radial and tangential force and gear mesh excitations including time-varying meshing stiffness, meshing error and meshing impact were computed, which were used to perform forced response analysis on the full FE mesh of the powertrain housing.

Being one of the most simple and basic driving scenarios, highway scenario can be one of the first scenarios to achieve autonomous driving. Both car following (CF) and lane changing (LC) are the most basic and frequent maneuver during highway driving tasks, and therefore become two key issues to focus on in recent researches about autonomous vehicle (AV). Different from conventional CF and LC researches that attach much importance to the character, psychology, perception ability, and driving experience of human drivers, more timely and accurate reactions based on fast perception and communication technology as well as the automatic actuator are hypotheses for this research. Moreover, based on these hypotheses, a modified intelligent driver model (MIDM) is proposed for AVs’ following behavior to alleviate the fluctuations caused by lane changing behaviors.

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) provide significantly improvement in fuel economy over conventional vehicles as well as reductions in greenhouse gas and petroleum. Numerous recent reports regarding control strategy, power train configuration, driving pattern, all electric range (AER) and their effects on fuel consumption and electric energy consumption of PHEVs are reported. Meanwhile, the control strategy for engine start-stop and mileage between recharging events from the electricity grid also has an important influence on the petroleum displacement potential of PHEVs, but few reports are published. In this paper, a detailed simulation model is set up for a plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle (PSHEV) employing the AVL CRUISE. The model was employed to predict the AER of the baseline PSHEV using rule-based logical threshold switching control strategy.

In this paper, based on the plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle development project, the vehicle technology solutions and the match of power system parameters were analyzed. The vehicle control strategies were identified and optimized according to plug-in hybrid vehicle features. The plug-in series hybrid, rule-based logic threshold switching control strategy, charge depleting (CD) mode and charge-sustaining (CS) mode are chosen according to the key factors, such as the environment, performance requirements, technical requirements and cost. And then the structure and model of vehicle control strategy were established to carry out vehicle energy management and power system control. The parameter selection, electric drive system matching, energy storage system design based on the requirement of vehicle performance, system architecture and control strategy are presented.

With the development of autonomous vehicle technology, there is an increasing tendency toward the application of intelligent sensors in environment-perception system on autonomous vehicle to assist vehicle in intelligent decision making relevant to autonomous driving. As for environment-perception system, a good track management method serves as the foundation, while multi-target tracking and multi-sensor data fusion are recognized as the key. In this paper, a track management method is proposed to deal with multi-target tracking based on the target-level data of multisource environmental sensors for autonomous vehicle. The track management includes four procedures as following: track initiation; point-track association; track update; track deletion. A modified fast algorithm for data association is applied in the point-track association procedure. Afterwards Kalman filter is implemented to update the track information of target. The algorithm has got through a simulation test.

Although Hydrostatic Transmission System (HTS) had been used in many places, such as machine tools, agriculture machinery, construction machinery, and vehicles, it had not been used in good performance. Twenty years ago many people began to design new hydrostatic transmission with higher efficiency. Hydrostatic Energy Storage Transmission System (HESTS) is one of new hydrostatic transmission system with higher efficiency. HESTS is more fit for being used in vehicle that is always running in undulating ground or starting and braking frequently. Construction of vehicular HESTS was analyzed, mathematical model of vehicular HESTS was established. The needed control strategies of vehicular HESTS were analyzed because there are many variables would be controlled in the new transmission system.

Real-time and reliable perception of the surrounding environment is an important prerequisite for advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) and automatic driving. And vision-based detection plays a significant role in environment perception for automatic vehicles. Although deep convolutional neural networks enable efficient recognition of various objects, it has difficulty in accurately detecting special vehicles, rocks, road pile, construction site, fence and so on. In this work, we address the task of traffic scene understanding with semantic image segmentation. Both driveable area and the classification of object can be attained from the segmentation result. First, we define 29 classes of objects in traffic scenarios with different labels and modify the Deeplab V2 network. Then in order to reduce the running time, MobileNet architecture is applied to generate the feature map instead of the original models.

To develop a free-piston engine-alternator integrative power system for Hybrid Electric Vehicles, the key design parameters, such as reciprocating mass of the piston assembly, compression ratio, the ignition timing, the engine fuel consumption rate and power output, are studied based on the simulation. The results show that, the system simulation model of the free piston engine can predict the in-cylinder pressure vs. the piston's displacement being accurate enough as the test results from reported reference. The model can be employed to optimize the design parameters and to predict the fuel economy and power output. It provides the methods and bases for the free piston engine design and predicting the main performance parameters' values.