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This document is divided into five parts. The first part deals with flotation analysis features and definitions to acquaint the engineer with elements common to the various methods and the meanings of the terms used. The second part identifies and describes current flotation analysis methods. Due to the close relationship between flotation analysis and runway design, methods for the latter are also included in this document. As runway design criteria are occasionally used for flotation evaluation, including some for runways built to now obsolete criteria, a listing of the majority of these criteria constitutes the third part. The fourth part of this document tabulates the most relevant documents, categorizing them for commercial and civil versus military usage, by military service to be satisfied, and by type of pavement. This document concludes with brief elaborations of some concepts for broadening the analyst’s understanding of the subject.

Aluminum alloys are employed in agricultural equipment, aerospace sectors, medical instruments, machinery, automobiles, etc. due to their physical and mechanical characteristics. The geometrical shape and size of the parts are modified in turning operation by using a single-point cutting tool. A356 aluminum alloy is widely used in various engineering sectors, hence there is a necessity to produce A-356 components with quality. The inappropriate cutting parameters used in turning operation entail high production costs and reduce tool life. Box–Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments such that the experiment trials were conducted by varying cutting parameters like N-spindle speed (rpm), f-feed rate (mm/rev), and d-depth of cut (mm). The multi-objective responses, such as surface roughness (SR) and metal removal rate (MRR) were analyzed with the desirability method.

The gear lubricants covered by this standard exceed American Petroleum Institute (API) Service Classification API GL-5 and are intended for hypoid-type, automotive gear units, operating under conditions of high-speed/shock load and low-speed/high-torque. These lubricants may be appropriate for other gear applications where the position of the shafts relative to each other and the type of gear flank contact involve a large percentage of sliding contact. Such applications typically require extreme pressure (EP) additives to prevent the adhesion and subsequent tearing away of material from the loaded gear flanks. These lubricants are not appropriate for the lubrication of worm gears. Appendix A is a mandatory part of this standard. The information contained in Appendix A is intended for the demonstration of compliance with the requirements of this standard and for listing on the Qualified Products List (QPL) administered by the Lubricant Review Institute (LRI).

The gear lubricants covered by this standard exceed American Petroleum Institute (API) Service Classification API GL-5 and are intended for hypoid-type, automotive gear units, operating under conditions of high-speed/shock load and low-speed/high-torque. These lubricants may be appropriate for other gear applications where the position of the shafts relative to each other and the type of gear flank contact involve a large percentage of sliding contact. Such applications typically require extreme pressure (EP) additives to prevent the adhesion and subsequent tearing away of material from the loaded gear flanks. These lubricants are not appropriate for the lubrication of worm gears. Appendix A is a mandatory part of this standard. The information contained in Appendix A is intended for the demonstration of compliance with the requirements of this standard and for listing on the Qualified Products List (QPL) administered by the Lubricant Review Institute (LRI).

After manufacture, every military vehicle experiences a unique history of dynamic loads, depending on loads carried, missions completed, etc. Damage accumulates in vehicle structures and components accordingly, leading eventually to failures that can be difficult to anticipate, and to unpredictable consequences for mission objectives. The advent of simulation-based fatigue life prediction tools opens a path to Digital Twin based solutions for tracking damage, and for gaining control over vehicle reliability. An incremental damage updating feature has now been implemented in the Endurica CL fatigue solver with the aim of supporting such applications for elastomer components. The incremental updating feature is demonstrated via the example of a simple transmission mount component. The damage state of the mount is computed as it progresses towards failure under a series of typical loading histories.

The limitations of commonly used materials such as steel in withstanding high temperatures led to exploring alternative alloys. For instance, Inconel 825 is a nickel-based alloy known for its exceptional corrosion resistance. Thus, the Inconel 825 is used in various applications, including aerospace, marine propulsion, and missiles. Though it has many advantages, machining this alloy at high temperatures could be challenging due to its inadequate heat conductivity, increased strain hardening propensity, and extreme dynamic shear strength. The resultant hardened chips generated during high-speed machining exhibit elevated temperatures, leading to tool wear and surface damage, extending into the subsurface. This work investigated the influence of varying process settings on the machinability of Inconel 825 metal, using both uncoated and coated tools.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been an indispensable tool for design simulation for several decades but this wide spread use has been limited to simple types of analyses. Relatively recently, more advanced analyses have given easy-to-use interfaces enabling design engineers to simulate problems formerly reserved for analysts. FEA Beyond Basics targets the FEA users who wish to explore those advanced analysis capabilities. It will demonstrate how to move past the ubiquitous linear structural analysis and solve structural nonlinear problems characterized by nonlinear material, large displacements, buckling or nonlinear connectors.

Ferrous metals contain iron and are prized for their tensile strength and durability. Most are magnetic and contain a high carbon content which generally makes them, with the exception of wrought iron and stainless steel, vulnerable to rust. The following seven eLearning courses are included in the Ferrous Materials Bundle: Steel and Cast Iron. Each course is approximately one-hour in duration. Modules include: Introduction to Physical Properties, Introduction to Mechanical Properties, Introduction to Metals, Hardness Testing, Ferrous Metals, Classification of Steel, Essentials of Heat Treatment of Steel.

This four-hour short course provides an introduction to fluids for aerospace hydraulic systems. Topics covered include an introduction to basics fluid properties, rheology, tribology, and fluid product development. In addition, the history and performance of different classes of fluids are discussed in detail, and specific failure modes such as erosion and sludge formation will be described. Along with an introduction to fluid degradation, information on used oil analysis test methods and interpretation will be provided.

Fatigue is a structural failure mode that must be recognized and understood to develop products that meet life cycle durability requirements. In the age of lightweighting, fatigue strength is an important vehicle design requirement as engineers struggle to meet stringent weight constraints without adversely impacting durability. This technical concept course introduces the fatigue failure mode and analysis methods. It explains the physics of material fatigue, including damage accumulation that may progress to product failure over time, and it provides the needed foundation to develop effective fatigue prediction capabilities.

Abstract Autonomy has the potential to make the most radical impact by significantly reducing the number of soldiers in harm’s way and changing the military paradigm. Benefits of autonomy to improve the Army’s mission capabilities and the rapid evolution of military systems exerts pressure to develop these systems quickly. Since the associated technological development is highly fast paced and stochastic, approaches that develop systems for stochastic future scenarios are required. In this article we present a vision for the autonomous high-mobility military systems for that future. We discuss the ramifications of autonomy in five areas: (1) fleet organization, (2) physical attributes of high-mobility military systems, (3) individual behaviors of autonomous assets, (4) interactions between humans and autonomous systems, and (5) operation and teaming strategies. We present the future vision, implications, requirements, and technological challenges for each of the five areas.

Author Francis Bradford, a former Hall-Scott engineer, provides valuable resources and insight not available to any other Hall-Scott researcher. Well-illustrated with numerous photos, drawings, and memos, this fascinating book will be of interest to history buffs in the areas of aviation, rail, marine, trucks, buses, fire equipment, and industrial engines, and to World War and military historians.

Metals and alloys have different melting ranges depending on their chemistry. High temperature metals are much harder at room temperature, have exceptionally high melting points (usually above 2000 degree Celsius), and are resistant to wear, corrosion and deformation. The following five eLearning courses are included in the High Temperature Materials bundle.  Each course is approximately one-hour in duration. See Topics/Outline for additional details.

The following six eLearning courses are included in the Introduction to Materials bundle.  Each course is approximately one-hour in duration. See Topics/Outline for additional details. Introduction to Physical Properties  This course provides an an overview of manufacturing materials and their physical properties, including thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties and introduces volumetric characteristics, such as mass, weight, and density.

Facial recognition software (FRS) is a form of biometric security that detects a face, analyzes it, converts it to data, and then matches it with images in a database. This technology is currently being used in vehicles for safety and convenience features, such as detecting driver fatigue, ensuring ride share drivers are wearing a face covering, or unlocking the vehicle. Public transportation hubs can also use FRS to identify missing persons, intercept domestic terrorism, deter theft, and achieve other security initiatives. However, biometric data is sensitive and there are numerous remaining questions about how to implement and regulate FRS in a way that maximizes its safety and security potential while simultaneously ensuring individual’s right to privacy, data security, and technology-based equality.

Almost 75% of all elements are metals. Metals can be classified as either ferrous or non-ferrous and generally conduct electricity and heat well. Most metals are malleable and ductile and are, in general, heavier than other elemental substances. The following six eLearning courses are included in the Materials bundle. Each course is approximately one-hour in duration. See topics/outline for additional details. Introduction to Metals, Ferrous Metals, Nonferrous Metals, Classification of Steel, Essentials of Heat Treatment of Steel Exotic Alloys

The first issue of the National Automotive Center Technical Review, this report is a collection of technical papers developed by leading NAC engineers, scientists and industry partners to demonstrate the ongoing work to improve automotive performance, safety and endurance while reducing the cost of both military and civilian vehicles. Published by National Automotive Center. Distributed by SAE.

Nonferrous materials are malleable, are non-magnetic, and have no iron content which gives them higher resistance to rust and corrosion. The following five eLearning courses are included in the Nonferrous Metals bundle.  Each course is approximately one-hour in duration. See Topics/Outline for additional details. Introduction to Physical Properties  This course provides an an overview of manufacturing materials and their physical properties, including thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties and introduces volumetric characteristics, such as mass, weight, and density.

Abstract This article describes the research work taken to compare the effect of air blast and surface-buried mine blast loading on an armored fighting vehicle (AFV) escape hatch, using the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) technique. Two types of escape hatch were considered for the study, namely, the flat plate version and double-side curved-plate version. To evaluate the research methodology used in this investigation, initially, a published experimental work on a circular plate subjected to air blast was chosen and a benchmark simulation was carried out using the CEL technique to establish the simulation procedure. Then the established procedure was utilized for further analysis. It was observed that the variation in the deformation between the published literature and the simulation work was well within the acceptable engineering limits.