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Carbon-neutral (CN) fuels will be part of the solution to reducing global warming effects of the transportation sector, along with electrification. CN fuels such as hydrogen, ammonia, biofuels, and e-fuels can play a primary role in some segments (aviation, shipping, heavy-duty road vehicles) and a secondary role in others (light-duty road vehicles). The composition and properties of these fuels vary substantially from existing fossil fuels. Fuel effects on performance and emissions are complex, especially when these fuels are blended with fossil fuels. Predictively modeling the combustion of these fuels in engine and combustor CFD simulations requires accurate representation of the fuel blends. We discuss a methodology for matching the targeted fuel properties of specific CN fuels, using a blend of surrogate fuel components, to form a fuel model that can accurately capture fuel effects in an engine simulation.

To characterize emission performance and engine operating conditions during high-power cold starts (HPCS), a blended plug-in hybrid electric vehicle was tested over worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicle test cycle (WLTC), and a new cycle was developed to characterize HPCS. The results showed that the engine speed and load increased dramatically to high level during HPCS under the low temperature of coolant and catalysts. The higher concentration of particle number (PN) and NOx at higher speed and load, accounted for the higher emissions during HPCS. Besides, the cumulative PN emissions increased first and then decreased with the increasing coolant temperature.

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, shapes, and tubing produced with cross sectional area of 32 in2 (206 cm2) maximum.

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of rolled or forged rings up to 6 inches (152 mm) inclusive, in nominal thickness at the time of heat treatment, and having an OD to wall thickness ratio of 10 or greater (see 8.6).

This paper investigates the gaseous and particulate emissions of a hydrogen powered direct injection spark ignition engine. Experiments were performed over different engine speeds and loads and with varying air- fuel ratio, start of injection and intake manifold pressure. An IAG FTIR system was used to detect and measure a variety of gaseous emissions, which include standard emissions such as NOX and unburned hydrocarbons as well as some non-standard emissions such as formaldehyde, formic acid, and ammonia. The particle number concentration and size distribution were measured using a DMS 500 fast particle analyzer from Cambustion. Particle composition was investigated using ICP analysis as well as a Sunset OC/EC analyzer to determine the soot content and the presence of any unburned engine oil. The results show that NOX emissions range between 0.1 g/kWh for a λ of 2.5 and 10 g/kWh λ of 1.5.

This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of castings.

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing produced with cross sectional area of 32 in2 (206 cm2) maximum.

This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of sand castings.

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of rolled or cold finished bars, rods, and wire up to 6.000 inches (152.40 mm) in nominal diameter or least nominal dimension (see 8.6).

The IAQG Standards Council held another successful meeting on April 19 (see photo) along with the IAQG-1 Standards Management Committee on April 17 (see photo) in conjunction with IAQG Week in Brussels, Belgium.

Volvo’s ambitious goal: 50% zero-emission trucks by 2030

Reaffirmation Ballot for AS85049/147A and AS85049/152A

This SAE Technical Information Report provides preliminary information regarding the current state of data collection, data processing methods, and usage for developing AI and its enabled systems and applications in the ground mobility domain. This information report is a survey of topics highlighting data’s impact on AI solutions and methods that may be used to improve data-related processes.

This checklist is to be used by project personnel to assure that factors required for adequate system electromagnetic compatibility are considered and incorporated into a program. It provides a ready reference of EMC management and documentation requirements for a particular program from preproposal thru acquisition. When considered with individual equipments comprising the system and the electromagnetic operational environment in which the system will operate, the checklist will aid in the preparation of an EMC analysis. The analysis will facilitate the development of system- dependent EMC criteria and detailed system, subsystem, and equipment design requirements ensuring electromagnetic compatibility. It should be noted that all subjects are not covered and that all items listed may not be required on a given program.

The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is to disseminate qualitative information regarding foreign object debris (FOD) damage to the gas path of rotorcraft gas turbine engines and to discuss methods of FOD prevention. Although turbine-powered fixed-wing aircraft are also subject to FOD, the unique ability of the rotorcraft to hover above, takeoff from, and land on unprepared surfaces creates a special need for a separate treatment of this subject.

The 3D crush model can be obtained by any suitable photogrammetry method using this image set and is intended to graphically represent in photographs the shape and orientation of the damaged surface(s) relative to the undamaged, or least damaged, portion of the vehicle. The procedure is intended to provide an image set sufficient to determine, with the use of photogrammetric methodologies, the 3D location of points on the crushed surface of the damaged vehicle. Measurement of the exterior damaged surface(s) on a vehicle is a necessary step in quantifying the deformation caused by a collision and the energy dissipated by the deformation process. The energy analysis is sometimes called a crush analysis. Evaluation of the energy dissipated is useful in reconstructing the change in the velocity of the vehicles (delta-V) involved in a collision.

This specification provides processing and acceptance requirements for Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), when applied to the manufacturing of components.