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This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides insights on how to perform a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) to determine the Return on Investment (ROI) that would result from implementing a blockchain solution to a new or an existing business process. The word “blockchain” refers to a method of documenting when data transactions occur using a distributed ledger with desired immutable qualities. ...The scope of the current document is on enterprise blockchain which gives the benefit of standardized cryptography, legal enforceability and regulatory compliance. ...This document is intended for people who do not have a deep technical understanding or familiarity with blockchain solutions to qualify and quantify its economic benefits (i.e., the value proposition).

Second, we demonstrate the working of the application using raspberry pi board that act as vehicles mounted with sensors and two computers that act as blockchain network. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of blockchain based vehicular communication and the integration of the blockchain with VANET as well. ...These threats and challenges can be addressed by using the Blockchain (BC) technology, where each transaction is logged in a decentralized immutable BC ledger. ...First, we developed an application for the blockchain based less-complex Proof-of-Work consensus method that allows the vehicles to transfer information in a secured manner.

Bitcoin and other digital currencies utilize blockchain. Blockchain, in summary, is a collection of blocks. Within each block is a collection of transactions. ...As part of the blockchain technology, the nodes are responsible for decision-making. The blockchain technology may be used for this function in these systems.

One of the common use cases is replacing paper records as a proof of compliance with a blockchain enabled distributed ledger. Commonly available open source blockchain frameworks have security ingrained in the components. ...Blockchain as a technology has been successfully deployed in the financial industry. As the technology continues to mature, there are opportunities to use this to solve operational challenges in Aerospace. ...However, replacing paper records with a blockchain based distributed ledger will require investigation of potential risks involved in the end to end usage of this technology for records management.

This article introduces a blockchain framework to detect unauthorized modifications to vehicle ECUs. A proof of concept blockchain prototype framework is implemented on a set of microprocessors (comparable to those used by simple ECUs) as a means to assess the efficacy of using our blockchain approach to detect unauthorized updates. ...A proof of concept blockchain prototype framework is implemented on a set of microprocessors (comparable to those used by simple ECUs) as a means to assess the efficacy of using our blockchain approach to detect unauthorized updates. ...A proof of concept blockchain prototype framework is implemented on a set of microprocessors (comparable to those used by simple ECUs) as a means to assess the efficacy of using our blockchain approach to detect unauthorized updates.

Technology that augments, rather than replaces, is needed to transform these complex systems into efficient, digital processes. Blockchain technology offers collaborative opportunities for solving some of the data problems that have long challenged the industry. ...Walthall examines how blockchain technology could impact the aerospace industry and addresses some of the unsettled concerns surrounding its implementation.

Ganache blockchain test network was employed to host the blockchain network and test the operation of the proposed blockchain model. ...The suitability of the model is validated in real-time using a UAV and all the flight data are captured and uploaded into the blockchain. The model was executed successfully, and the data uploaded in the blockchain is found to be in line with the developed model. ...To improve the security and the trust of such aerial transportation systems, Blockchain can be used as a potential technology to manage, operate and monitor the entire process.

One such technology for recording electronic transactions securely is Blockchain, defined as distributed ledger technologies which includes enterprise blockchain. Blockchain is not widely used in the aerospace industry due to lack of technical understanding and questions about its benefits. ...Assessment and establishment of business case for implementing blockchain based solution is needed. The aerospace industry is very conservative when it comes to technology adoption and hence it is difficult to change legacy processes. ...The technology is advancing at a faster rate and applies across geographies under various regulatory oversight which makes blockchain based solution implementation challenging. G-31 electronic transactions for aerospace standards committee of SAE International has conducted a study on determination of cost benefits from implementing a blockchain solution.

These attacks can be prevented using the Blockchain technology, where each transaction is logged in a decentralized immutable Blockchain ledger. ...But the use of Blockchain Platforms such as Ethereum has various drawbacks like scalability which makes it infeasible for connected car system.

Fog computing distributes data in a decentralized way and blockchain also works on the principle of decentralization. Blockchain, as a decentralized database, uses cryptographic methods including hash functions and public key encryption to secure the user information. ...We provide blockchain security in UAV-based fog computing to secure a large volume of data. The communicated data is stored in the form of blocks with hash functions, which guarantee security in the network. ...Thus, the aim of blockchain security is to guarantee that any hostile third party cannot corrupt or change the live missions or tasks allocated to actual UAV–Fog nodes.

The proposed black box architecture is both layered and diffuse, employing distributed hash tables (DHT), a parity system and a public blockchain to provide high resilience, assurance, scalability, and efficiency for automotive and other high-assurance systems.

This industry-academia collaborative work studies the benefits and challenges associated with the use of distributed ledger (or blockchain) technology toward preventing counterfeiting in the presence of malicious supply-chain parties. ...We illustrate that the provision of a distributed and append-only ledger jointly governed by supply-chain parties themselves makes permissioned blockchains such as Hyperledger Fabric a promising approach toward mitigating counterfeiting. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that the privacy of supply-chain parties can be preserved as competing supply-chain parties strive to protect their businesses from the prying eyes of competitors and counterparties. ...Besides, we show that the recall process can be achieved efficiently with the help of the blockchain. The proposed solution, Fordchain, overcomes the challenges to achieve the best of both worlds: a solution to the counterfeiting problem using distributed ledger technology while providing accountability and the privacy notions of interest for supply-chain parties.

The Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative – a global nonprofit working to create standards in blockchain, distributed ledgers, and related technologies for consumers, smart cities, and mobility – has launched the industry's first vehicle identification (VID) standard incorporating blockchain technology into a digital vehicle identification system. ...The Mobility Open Blockchain Initiative – a global nonprofit working to create standards in blockchain, distributed ledgers, and related technologies for consumers, smart cities, and mobility – has launched the industry's first vehicle identification (VID) standard incorporating blockchain technology into a digital vehicle identification system.

TIoTA, an open software consortium of over 50 members organized to support the creation of a secure, scalable, interoperable, and trusted IoT ecosystem, began the E-Mobility Challenge to link IoT devices with consumers and stakeholder companies such as operators and service, communication, and payment providers within the preexisting European electric vehicle ecosystem.