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This specification covers a titanium alloy in the form of welding wire (see 8.5).

Mirror bore coating, textured valve lifters, and optimized piston ring shaping technology all contribute to reduce friction.

Summary and conclusions are drawn from; test results, particularly in comparison with parallel testing of ceramic coatings, suitability for hydrogen combustion, and further development and potential implementation on existing cylinder heads.

Cu, DLC, AlN, h-BN etc. are the candidate coatings for this kind of application. In this paper AlN coating has been developed and applied on 800 W OBC enclosure through Physical Vapor Deposition process. ...An ideal solution for this problem can be to deploy a conductive coating on the enclosure that are capable of spreading the heat evenly on the surface from the hotspots using in-plane thermal conduction.

Thus, to protect OBC-enclosure from corrosion, organic (Acrylic resin with Al2O3 / TiO2 pigments) coating through Cathodic Electro Deposition (CED) process has been developed and comparative evaluation of corrosion resistance of coated and bare ADC-12 has been studied in this work.

On those alternatives references the coating application to reduce the friction coefficient and makes the formability process easier to mitigate drawing stamping issues.

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), because of their low thermal inertia, reach higher surface temperatures faster than metal walls, thereby blocking heat transfer and saving enthalpy for the catalyst.

The effects of the coating thickness and the laser fluence on LIP are studied to clarify the accuracy of wall temperature measurement based on LIP and the one-dimensional wall temperature distribution.

This topic refers to the reduction of the heat ingress through usage of different glass technology like IR Cut & solar green glass with different types of coating. The finding from the theoretical analysis, it indicates that overall heat load reduction of the electric buses was reduced by ~6-7% improvement with different specifications of glasses as compared to the existing design.

Enhancing truck-sensor modularity Kodiak Robotics' fifth-generation sensor stack and new SensorPods boost sensor and GPU performance and improve power efficiency. Bosch high on hydrogen The supplier is committed to all facets of the H2 economy as volume production of its power module kicks off for Nikola's Class 8 fuel-cell truck. Constructing bus structures with stainless steel Outokumpu and collaborators show a possible weight reduction of up to 35% by using high-strength stainless steel in place of carbon steel. Volta Zero is U.S. bound The startup plans to apply lessons learned in Europe to the U.S. market, bringing a "small fleet" of electric trucks for potential customers by the end of the year.

As the AVN display in the car interior becomes larger and located above the center fascia, the driver's visual visibility is becoming important. In addition, since an expensive touch sensor is installed, a transparent electrode cost reduction technology for a display touch sensor that can replace an indium material, which is an expensive rare metal, is required. In this paper, we developed new transparent electrode materials and manufacturing methods for the touch sensor film which light reflectance is low and flexible without a separate low-reflection multi-layer, so that the design freedom is high and the material cost is low. By optimizing the amount of fluorine doping ratio in tin oxide, excellent electrical conductivity and high optical transmittance are secured, and the surface reflectance is reduced by adjusting the diameter and length of the silver nanowire. As a result, it was shown that the AVN display image and font readability was improved.

Many in-cylinder cooling loss reduction studies have been carried out by applying various thermal barrier coatings to the piston and/or other in-cylinder surfaces, taking advantage of the lower thermal effusivity of ceramic materials. ...Next, a modified insulation structure composed of a thin aluminum coating overlayed by physical vapor deposition (PVD: physical vapor deposition) on a stainless-steel layer of both the piston and cylinder head, was tested in a heavy-duty single cylinder engine. ...Experimental results suggested that higher surface temperatures of exposed areas are caused by better heat conduction outward from hot spots during and after the combustion period, through the aluminum coating. Such surface temperature equalization could also result in further reduction of cycle-integrated heat transfer.

The compressor oil is retained at different locations of the vapor compression system during operation. After shutdown, retained oil absorbs the vapor refrigerant and mixes with the liquid refrigerant gradually. Oil retention can largely affect the heat transfer and cause insufficient oil return. In this paper, the liquid mixture behaviors at the compressor suction and discharge are observed by flow visualization. Liquid mixture property variations are estimated by existing models according to the temperature and pressure variations. At the suction, the vapor refrigerant solubility with oil rapidly increases due to the pressure increase. The viscosity and surface tension decrease quickly with temperature and refrigerant mass fraction increase in the liquid layer. Flow visualization shows that the mixture film breaks from the top of the tube wall and flows down. The oil-refrigerant mixture accumulates at the bottom of the tube within seconds. The liquid level increases then decreases.

Low thermal inertia coatings (i.e. Temperature swing coatings) have been proposed as a means of reducing or eliminating the open cycle charge heating penalty of traditional TBCs through a combination of low thermal conductivity and low volumetric heat capacity materials. ...Hot surface temperatures due to ceramic thermal barrier coatings increase knock propensity by elevating the incoming air temperature, thus mitigating the positive impacts of low heat transfer losses by requiring spark retard to avoid knock.

The developed model was modified to include a temperature discontinuity at the solid-gas interfaces of the rotor, which is related to the thermal resistivity of the coating. It was predicted that the application of the coating would reduce heat losses by 10 %, lower the mean temperature of the rotor by 4.6 %, and improve the fuel conversion efficiency by 1.3 %. ...Lastly, an advanced thermal barrier coating was proposed for use in rotary combustion engines. The developed model was modified to include a temperature discontinuity at the solid-gas interfaces of the rotor, which is related to the thermal resistivity of the coating. ...The results suggest that an advanced thermal barrier coating can reduce thermal loads and enhance the performance of rotary combustion engines.

The push for e-powertrain progress Upstarts and heavy-hitter suppliers alike are fast-tracking advances in existing e-propulsion technology - as well as radical new solutions. Battle for the box EV battery enclosures are a hotbed of subsystem design, materials innovation and vehicle integration. Returning to the SAE presidency for 2023 Boeing veteran Todd Zarfos brings a "prudently aggressive" mindset to help advance SAE's goals in the mobility ecosystem. Balancing the 'dominos' in EV thermal management Excessive internal valve leakage is an inefficiency that worsens upstream system inefficiencies. Effective valve design is the solution. Deep breathing for EV batteries Optimum venting is a key to maximizing EV battery pack performance and safety. An expert offers five important design considerations.