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This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers the field of civilian, commercial and military airplanes and helicopters. This summary of tail bumper design approaches may be used by design personnel as a reference and guide for future airplanes and helicopters that require tail bumpers. Those described herein will consist of simple rub strips, structural loops with a wear surface for runway contact, retractable installations with replaceable shock absorbers and wear surfaces and complicated retractable tail landing gears with shock strut, wheels and tires. The information will be presented as a general description of the installation, its components and their functions.

This work aims to expand the applicability of an open-source numerical tool to solve hypersonic gas dynamic flows for space propulsion geometries. This is done by validating the code using two well-known hypersonic test cases, the double cone and the hollow cylinder flare, used by the NATO Research and Technology Organization for the validation of hypersonic flight for laminar viscous-inviscid interactions (D. ...This is done by validating the code using two well-known hypersonic test cases, the double cone and the hollow cylinder flare, used by the NATO Research and Technology Organization for the validation of hypersonic flight for laminar viscous-inviscid interactions (D. ...This is done by validating the code using two well-known hypersonic test cases, the double cone and the hollow cylinder flare, used by the NATO Research and Technology Organization for the validation of hypersonic flight for laminar viscous-inviscid interactions (D. Knight, “RTO WG 10 - Test cases for CFD validation of hypersonic flight,” in 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 2002).

Multi-material structures move mpg upward The quest to improve fuel economy is not waning, nor is the desire to achieve higher mpg through the use of just the right lightweight material for the right vehicle application. Cars poised to become 'a thing' Making automobiles part of the Internet of Things brings both risks and rewards. Agility training for cars Chassis component suppliers refine vehicle dynamics at the high end and entry level with four-wheel steering and adaptive damping. SAE 2016 World Congress Preview Technology trends and exhibitor products are highlighted in this special section, which features Toyota's plans for the show floor, tech sessions, and more.

Actual trends with regard to light weight design in the automotive industry, in order to reduce fuel consumption and pollution emissions as well as improve the engine efficiency lead to the increasing use of light weight engine components. Due to the harsh operation conditions, the aluminum cylinder surface must be reinforced, and new techniques have been developed and applied. A very promising technological alternative is the use of HVOF (high velocity oxygen fuel) deposited internal coatings, showing improved coating quality results compared to APS (atmospheric plasma spray) coatings. Several HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuels) coating processes (with different fuel gases/fluids) were compared and studied, with a complete mechanical characterization and evaluation of the coatings. Also an economical comparison for the different coating systems is shown.

Actual research activities are focused on the development of advanced HVOF sprayed coating systems on cylinder liners, the coating optimization and the cost effective implementation of this technology in an automated series production process. In hypersonic flame spraying (HVOF), the coating is deposited by an elliptically moving HVOF gun, whereas the cylinder liner is rotating.

The used thermal spray processes are high-energetic (Atmospheric Plasma Spraying) and high-energetic hypersonic deposition methods (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Spraying). The knowledge of the mechanical and thermophysical properties of coatings is a key requirement for an optimized stable and repeatable manufacturing process as well as for reproducible high quality composites.

Hypersonic flows over simple 3-D bodies and a space vehicle are simulated using a real-gas Navier- Stokes code under an equilibrium air assumption.

Numerical simulations of hypersonic flow around a 2-D cylinder and a 3-D complete reentry vehicle have been carried out by solving Euler/Navier-Stokes equations which incorporate the equation of state for an equilibrium gas. ...The results of hypersonic flow analysis using this code suggest us that the real gas effects, such as chemical reaction, are not negligible to predict the hypersonic flow characterisics acculately. ...The results of hypersonic flow analysis using this code suggest us that the real gas effects, such as chemical reaction, are not negligible to predict the hypersonic flow characterisics acculately.

Plasma-sprayed coatings of Cr2O3 and hypersonic flame-sprayed coatings of cobalt-bonded WC performed particularly well as ring coatings.

This document covers the field of civilian, commercial and military airplanes and helicopters. This summary of tail bumper design approaches may be used by design personnel as a reference and guide for future airplanes and helicopters that require tail bumpers. Those described herein will consist of simple rub strips, structural loops with a wear surface for runway contact, retractable installations with replaceable shock absorbers and wear surfaces and complicated retractable tail landing gears with shock strut, wheels and tires. The information will be presented as a general description of the installation, its components and their functions.

This paper presents the theory of an insulation-radiation cooling method applicable to expandable hypersonic vehicles; two simple configurations, a sphere and a cylinder, are analyzed to illustrate this method.