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A newly developed tin-bearing, free machining steel, 12T14, has been evaluated at production-scale. Comparing to lead-containing 12L14 and 1215 steels, 12T14 has proven to be equal or superior in terms of machinability.

The first generation of interstitial-free or ultra-low carbon (ULC) sheet steels has good drawability but very low yield strength. The second generation of ULC steels contains high phosphorus and/or allow a partial stabilization of carbon. However, traditional alloy design does not always result in the desired properties. This paper reviews new understanding of the precipitation and mechanical behaviors of ULC steels.