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A zero-dimensional computation model for the heat release rate of a swirl chamber diesel engine is established in this paper. With the aid of control volume analysis method of variable mass thermodynamic system, the instantaneous discharge coefficent of the connecting passage of combustion chambers is accurately determined by calculating the motored indicator diagrams of main and swirl chambers. A deeper study is also made on the heat release rate and other combustion characteristics under various conditions of the swirl chamber diesel engine such as connecting passages with different structural parameters, different shapes of main combustion chambers and different operating conditions. Thus some beneficial conclusions are reached, that is, the combustion delay in the main combustion chamber of the swirl chamber diesel engine is an important reason for its fuel economy lower than that of a DI diesel engine besides its greater losses of flow and heat.