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The gap between diesel vehicle emissions in laboratory tests compared to those in use has been addressed by the introduction of the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) requirements. Modern diesel technology now demonstrates low emissions on the road over a wide range of driving conditions. This paper further demonstrates that consistent low nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particle number (PN) emissions can be achieved over a wide range of driving conditions beyond Euro 6d RDE requirements, with emission control technologies combined in an integrated approach. An LNT (Lean NOx Trap) is combined with a dual-dosing SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) system. Low-load NOx control is achieved by the LNT in combination with a close-coupled SCR coated on the Diesel Particulate Filter (SDPF). High load conditions, on the other hand, are covered by the underfloor SCR system with a second AdBlue® injector.

Motorcycle technologies will face increased challenges in the future, not only in terms of the emissions levels at Euro III which are much lower (at between a half to one third) than current levels, but also from the demands of future emission test cycles themselves which will be more severe, especially in respect to the ambient start requirements and the high speed elements of both the Euro III cycle and World Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC). A representative selection of five larger capacity (> 600cc) ‘state of the art’ Euro II level motorcycles were tested over future Euro III and World Motorcycle Test Cycles. The tests highlighted that NOx control will be critical for future motorcycle technologies; the WMTC especially produces high NOx in relation to the higher rates of acceleration, higher maximum speed and more transient nature of the cycle than current cycles. HC and CO emissions were also significantly influenced by the ambient start requirements of future cycles.