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Global CO2 reduction by 2021, according to some projections, will be comprised of multiple vehicle technologies with 7% represented by hybrid and electric vehicles (2% in 2014) [1]. Other low cost hybrid methods are necessary in order to achieve widespread CO2 reduction. One such method is engine-off coasting and regenerative braking (or recuperation) using a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE). This paper will show that a 48V power system, compared to a 12V system with energy storage module for vehicle segments B, D and E during WLTP and NEDC, is much more efficient at reducing CO2. Passive engine-off coasting using 12V energy storage shows a CO2 benefit for practical real world driving, but, during NEDC, multiple sources of friction slow the vehicle down to the extent that the maximum benefit is not achieved.

Current significant challenges in the automotive industry for increasing fuel economy and reducing CO₂ emissions remain with traditional combustion engines. Moderately small increases in fuel efficiency lead to major reductions in CO₂ emissions, primarily due to large production volumes utilizing incremental fuel saving technologies. Enhancements of today's vehicle powertrains, including micro-hybrids and mild-hybrids with stop-start systems, and coasting and energy recuperation have shown a positive cost benefit and shorter payback period. This is identified when the technology is compared to more complex and expensive HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicles) and BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicles).