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With the upcoming stringent norms for diesel engines and continual pursuit for more and more fuel-efficient engines, it is necessary to enhance air-fuel mixing for proper combustion. The design of inlet port plays an important role in the engine performance, because the air-fuel mixing depends upon the air turbulence. Research showed that helical type inlet-port will be ideal for the engine with nominal injection pressure value less than 800-bar and thermodynamic simulation results highlighted the need of an optimum swirl number for the specimen engine. A parametric study on inlet port design has been done to achieve the optimum flow capacity.

A major task faced by engine manufacturers all over the world is to upgrade running engine designs with least possible modifications to meet next level of emission norms. This saves the precious lead-time and investments. In addition simplicity of design has to be maintained as far as possible while improving emissions. This is possible only by optimal combinations of FIE and engine. This paper describes such a cost effective up-gradation of an engine from US Tier 1 to US Tier 2 in very short time with minimal design changes. This difficult task was achieved by using latest techniques of simulations, measurements and concurrent engineering. For variable speed application it is desirable to retard injection timing as speed decreases, to compensate gain in absolute time. For constant speed application, retardation at part load is required as more weightage is given at part loads for the emission test cycle.