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Among the technical solutions that can lead to energy converters with high thermal efficiency, the direct injection diesel (DID) engine ranks in a good position. This technology, once used only for heavy duty and stationary engines, is now spreading and reaches private cars, thanks to the developments of electronic control and injection equipments (high-pressure pump, 2 springs injectors, etc.), which improved the combustion control and the trade-off in terms of NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions and in terms of noise. Recent vehicles are equipped with EGR and oxidation catalyst, making the tuning of the engine even more complex. Then, to take the best advantage from this technology, it becomes a major concern to assess precisely the sensitivity of direct injection diesel engines to fuel characteristics.