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This paper summarizes the validation of prototype vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) safety applications based on Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) in the United States under a cooperative agreement between the Crash Avoidance Metrics Partners LLC (CAMP) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). After consideration of a number of V2I safety applications, Red Light Violation Warning (RLVW), Curve Speed Warning (CSW) and Reduced Speed Zone Warning with Lane Closure Warning (RSZW/LC) were developed, validated and demonstrated using seven different vehicles (six passenger vehicles and one Class 8 truck) leveraging DSRC-based messages from a Road Side Unit (RSU). The developed V2I safety applications were validated for more than 20 distinct scenarios and over 100 test runs using both light- and heavy-duty vehicles over a period of seven months. Subsequently, additional on-road testing of CSW on public roads and RSZW/LC in live work zones were conducted in Southeast Michigan.

A system has been developed to take the place of experts employed in the visual inspection of difference in color appearance of dyed seat belt webbing The judgement of experts is likely to be affected by their physical conditions, making the acceptance region of difference in color appearance vague In this paper, three-layer neural networks are used to approximate the nonlinear relationship between color specification values in the L*a*b* uniform color space (published by the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage) and human color perception As a result of using neural networks, the system attained a maximum error rate of 0 9% compared with the judgement by experts and was put in practical use