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Conventional geometric parameters of honeycombs (cell height, h, cell length, l, and cell angle, θ) have been used to find effective properties of honeycomb structures. However, these parameters appear to be difficult to control both a target shear stiffness (4 to 4.5 MPa) and a target level of shear strain (~10%) because the parameters are coupled to each other within a constant design space. A method to design hexagonal honeycombs is derived to design for both shear stiffness and shear flexibility independently by replacing the conventional geometric parameters with two new parameters; effective height, R, and horizontal separation, d. A parametric study with commercial software, ABAQUS, is conducted using the two new parameters to investigate their affects on in-plane effective shear stiffness, G₁₂*, and maximum shear strain, (γ₁₂*)max of polycarbonate honeycombs under a fixed overall honeycomb height of 12.7 mm (0.5 in).

This paper focuses on redesigning the headlamp subsystem functional architecture. The design involves meeting three major functional requirements: Achieving the lumen requirements according to Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) 324 regulations, Meeting the illumination pattern, and Maintaining the Light Emitting Diode’s (LED) junction temperature at 90°C. White LEDs are considered in the design to satisfy the functional requirements due to their high lumen efficacy, compact size, and long life. These benefits, when compared to existing headlight systems benchmarked, present enough potential to warrant further conceptual virtual prototyping. The prototyping focused on solutions that allowed control of sizing and numbering of LEDs, illumination pattern limits, and temperature to achieve the multiple functions a dynamic headlight system. A primary challenge in this design is to maintain the LED’s junction temperature within a recommended operational range.