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Turbocharging is an integral part of many internal combustion engine systems. While it has long been a key to diesel engine performance, turbocharging is increasingly seen as an enabler in meeting many of the efficiency and performance requirements of modern automotive gasoline engines. This replay discusses the basic concepts of turbocharging and air flow management of four-stroke engines. It explores the fundamentals of turbocharging, system design features, performance measures, and matching and selection criteria. Topics include spark ignition, diesel engine systems, and the impact of different applications.

To date there is no universal agreement as to the interaction between fuel type, fuel-air mixture preparation and combustion chamber flow characteristics and their effect on soot formation. A propane fueled modified conical back-mixed steady flow reactor was built in which the fuel and air could be mixed together in varying degrees and reacted in at different mixing intensities. The onset of soot and soot loading were determined qualitatively by a photomultiplier focused on the volume inside the reactor. Increasing the degree of premix from a diffusion flame to a distribution of Φmax/Φavg = 5.0 resulted in increases of 3 to 17 percent of the soot-onset equivalence ratio and decreases in soot loading down to zero. Changes in the mixing intensity from 32.5 sec−1 to 75.7 sec−1 resulted in a change in the soot-onset equivalence ratio from 1.26 to 1.52. Soot loading was found to depend on both the mixing intensity, β, and the average number of mixes per mean residence time, β/α.