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Diesel vehicles are significant sources of NOx and PM emissions, and to a lesser extent, emissions of CO, HC, and toxic species. For many years, biodiesel fuel (and blends of biodiesel) has been promoted as a “clean fuel” alternative to conventional diesel. Based upon previous reviews by EPA, a common understanding has arisen that biodiesel usage reduces CO, HC, and PM emissions significantly, but increases NOx emissions slightly. This paper discusses a recent review of 94 published reports, from the period of 2000-2008. Assessments were made of the emissions impacts of biodistillate fuels from various engine types, operating conditions, control technologies, and fuel type. In each situation, emissions from the biodistillate case were compared with emissions from a reference diesel fuel case.