Search Results

The rapidly growing complexity and the growing cross linking of powertrain components leads to longer development times, especially in the vehicle calibration process. The number of systems which need to be fitted to each other and the number of parameters to be calibrated in the particular systems are increasing tremendously. The extensive use of simulation promises to reduce the calibration effort by providing pre-optimized parameter sets. This paper describes a new simulation methodology by the interlinking of advanced vehicle simulation and evaluation tools, in particular the AVL-tools CRUISE, VSM and DRIVE. This methodology allows to semi automatically pre-optimize powertrain and vehicle parameters before hardware is involved. So far the pre-calibration of vehicle and powertrain parameters by simulation was not satisfying because of the missing of a reliable evaluation tool for the produced simulation results.

After a review of the current status of development of heavy-duty direct injection diesel engines (all turbocharged and intercooled) technologies to meet US-EPA 1994 heavy-duty diesel emission standards are discussed. Special attention is given to the NOx-particulate trade-off and to the various particulate fractions (carbon, lube oil, sulfates), and to measures for their reduction by internal means. A major part of the paper addresses the application of oxidation catalysts as a very efficient and cost-effective aftertreatment device to burn off soluble particulate fractions, CO, HC, odorants and PAH. The paper concludes with an outlook on foreseeable developments of the heavy-duty diesel in the future.