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The combination of physical models of an advanced engine control system was proposed to obtain sophisticated combustion control in ultra-lean combustion engines, including homogeneous compression-ignition and activated radical combustion with variable intake valve timing and a supercharger. Physical models of intake, combustion (including engine thermodynamics), and transmission were incorporated, in which the effects of residual gas from prior cycles on intake air mass and combustion and the effects of ineffective fuel on engine power were taken into consideration. Control of the in-cylinder air/fuel ratio, ignition timing and intake pressure was investigated using simulations.