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Technical Paper

Optimization of a Sliding Rotary Vane Pump for Heavy Duty Internal Combustion Engine cooling

2024-06-12
2024-37-0030
The benefits introduced by the replacement of conventional centrifugal pumps with volumetric machines for Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) cooling were experimentally and theoretically proven in literature. In particular, Sliding Rotary Vane Pumps (SVRPs) ensure to achieve an interesting reduction of ICEs fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Despite volumetric pumps are a reference technology for ICE lubrication oil circuits, the application in ICE cooling systems still not represent a ready-to-market solution. Particularly challenging is the case of Heavy-Duty ICE due to the wide operating range the pump covers in terms of flow rate delivered. Generally, SVRPs are designed to operate at high speeds to reduce machine dimensions and, consequently, the weight. Nevertheless, speed increase could lead to a severe penalization of pump performance since the growth of the friction losses.
Training / Education

Autonomous Technology in Long-Haul Trucking

2024-05-23
Billions of dollars have been invested in AV trucking. It is no longer a matter of IF, it is a matter of When, Where, Who and How? This will be the most disruptive event to happen in our supply chains in more than 4 decades. Are you ready to help your company usher in the most disruptive technology? This class will help you prepare and understand what you will need to do to become part of the ecosystem. You will learn how to identify what needs to start, stop, and change for you to adopt, integrate, and scale. Join us to learn the answers to key questions like the following: 1)How will maintenance change in the AV trucking ecosystem?
Training / Education

Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFM/DFA)

2024-05-16
This course is verified by Probitas as meeting the AS9104/3A requirements for Continuing Professional Development. This course provides both a functional understanding of the principles involved in conducting a Design for Manufacture/Design for Assembly (DFM/DFA) study and the process for implementing a DFM/DFA culture into the organization.
Training / Education

Design for Manufacturing & Assembly (DFM/DFA)

2024-05-13
Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFM+A), pioneered by Boothroyd and Dewhurst, has been used by many companies around the world to develop creative product designs that use optimal manufacturing and assembly processes. Correctly applied, DFM+A analysis leads to significant reductions in production cost, without compromising product time-to-market goals, functionality, quality, serviceability, or other attributes. In this two-day course, you will not only learn the Boothroyd Dewhurst Method, you will actually apply it to your own product design!
Standard

OnQue Digital Standards System - Standards

2024-05-05
/onque-digital-standards
Now Available from SAE International, SAE OnQue is a revolutionary digital standards solution that optimizes the way automotive and aerospace engineers access standards.
Technical Paper

Path-Tracking Control for Four-Wheel Steer/Drive Agricultural Special Electric Vehicles Considering Stability

2024-04-25
2024-01-5051
With the modernization of agriculture, the application of unmanned agricultural special vehicles is becoming increasingly widespread, which helps to improve agricultural production efficiency and reduce labor. Vehicle path-tracking control is an important link in achieving intelligent driving of vehicles. This paper designs a controller that combines path tracking with vehicle lateral stability for four-wheel steer/drive agricultural special electric vehicles. First, based on a simplified three-degrees-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model, a model predictive control (MPC) controller is used to calculate the front and rear axle angles. Then, according to the Ackermann steering principle, the four-wheel independent angles are calculated using the front and rear axle angles to achieve tracking of the target trajectory.
Technical Paper

Test Vector Development for Verification and Validation of Heavy-Duty Autonomous Vehicle Operations

2024-04-09
2024-01-1973
The current focus in the ongoing development of autonomous driving systems (ADS) for heavy duty vehicles is that of vehicle operational safety. To this end, developers and researchers alike are working towards a complete understanding of the operating environments and conditions that autonomous vehicles are subject to during their mission. This understanding is critical to the testing and validation phases of the development of autonomous vehicles and allows for the identification of both the nominal and edge case scenarios encountered by these systems. Previous work by the authors saw the development of a comprehensive scenario generation framework to identify an operating domain specification (ODS), or external and internal conditions an autonomous driving system can expect to encounter on its mission to form critical scenario groups for autonomous vehicle testing and validating using statistical patterns, clustering, and correlation.
Technical Paper

Development of a Dual Motor Beam eAxle for Medium Duty Commercial Vehicle Application

2024-04-09
2024-01-2162
Considering the current trend towards the electrification of commercial vehicles, the development of Beam eAxle solutions has become necessary. The utilization of an electric drive unit in heavy-duty solid axle-based commercial vehicles presents unique and demanding challenges. These include the necessity for elevated peak and continuous torque while meeting packaging constraints, structural integrity requirements, and extended service life. One such solution was developed by BorgWarner to address these challenges. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of the design and development process undertaken for this Dual Motor Beam eAxle system. This includes the initial comparison of various eAxle solutions, the specifications of components selected for this design, and the initial results from dyno and vehicle development.
Technical Paper

Maximum Pulling Force Calculation of Permanent Magnet Tractor Motors in Electric Vehicle Applications

2024-04-09
2024-01-2217
In electric vehicle applications, the majority of the traction motors can be categorized as Permanent Magnet (PM) motors due to their outstanding performance. As indicated in the name, there are strong permanent magnets used inside the rotor of the motor, which interacts with the stator and causes strong magnetic pulling force during the assembly process. How to estimate this magnetic pulling force can be critical for manufacturing safety and efficiency. In this paper, a full 3D magnetostatic model has been proposed to calculate the baseline force using a dummy non-slotted cylinder stator and a simplified rotor for less meshing elements. Then, the full 360 deg model is simplified to a half-pole model based on motor symmetry to save the simulation time from 2 days to 2 hours. A rotor position sweep was conducted to find the maximum pulling force position. The result shows that the max pulling force happens when the rotor is 1% overlapping with the stator core.
Technical Paper

Analysis of Loads Applied to Wheels of Heavy Vehicles and Study on Loosening of Hub Bolts and Nuts

2024-04-09
2024-01-2251
Heavy vehicles such as construction machinery generally require a large traction force. For this reason, axle components are equipped with a final reduction gear to provide a structure that can generate a large traction force. Basic analysis of vertical load, horizontal load (traction force), centrifugal force, and torsional torque applied to the wheels of heavy vehicles such as construction machinery and industrial vehicles, as well as actual working load analysis during actual operations, were conducted and compiled into a load analysis diagram. The loosening tendency of wheel bolts and nuts that fasten the wheel under actual working load was measured, and the loosening analysis method was presented. The causes of wheel fall-off accidents in heavy trucks, which have recently become a problem, were examined. Wheel bolts are generally tightened by the calibrated wrench method using a torque wrench.
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