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Fatigue is a structural failure mode that must be recognized and understood to develop products that meet life cycle durability requirements. In the age of lightweighting, fatigue strength is an important vehicle design requirement as engineers struggle to meet stringent weight constraints without adversely impacting durability. This technical concept course introduces the fatigue failure mode and analysis methods. It explains the physics of material fatigue, including damage accumulation that may progress to product failure over time, and it provides the needed foundation to develop effective fatigue prediction capabilities.

Induction machines (IM) are considered work horse for industrial applications due to their rugged, reliable and inexpensive nature; however, their low power density restricts their use in volume and weight limited environments such as an aerospace, traction and propulsion applications. Given recent advancements in additive manufacturing technologies, this paper presents opportunity to improve power density of induction machines by taking advantage of higher slot fill factor (SFF) (defined as ratio of bare copper area to slot area) is explored. Increase in SFF is achieved by deposition of copper in much more compact way than conventional manufacturing methods of winding in electrical machines. Thus a design tradeoff study for an induction motor with improved SFF is essential to identify and highlight the potentials of IM for high power density applications and is elaborated in this paper.

This presentation proposes an approach to use ABS wheel speed sensor signals together with other vehicle state information from a brake control module to detect an unbalanced tire or tires in real-time. The proposed approach consists of two-stage algorithms that mix a qualitative method using band-pass filtering with a quantitative parameter identification using conditional least squares. This two-stage approach can improve the robustness of tire imbalance or imbalances. The proposed approach is verified through vehicle testing and the test results show the effectiveness of the approach. Presenter Jianbo Lu, Ford Motor Co.

Several technological advancements have enabled hybrid technology to become a viable option in the commercial truck market. Although hybrid trucks are becoming more mainstream, they are not the right alternative fuel solution for every application. When matched with the right duty cycle, hybrid technology can provide a significant cost savings. Due to these advancements and anticipated benefits, hybrid commercial trucks are forecasted to become a significant part of the commercial truck market. Presenter Glenn Ellis, Hino Motors Sales USA Inc.

Automotive journalists are uniquely located to gain a broad perspective of the field. We learn from specialists, the engineers who perform the actual work, in relatively neutral settings. We also communicate with our readers, the ultimate consumers of both your products and ours. Here I propose to share elements of several of these interactions, especially those pertaining to the coming array of plug-in hybrids from GM, Toyota and Porsche. I also propose to give a brief update of KERS, Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems, in Formula 1. Presenter Dennis J. Simanaitis, Road & Track Magazine

The worldwide drive to improved energy efficiency for engine systems is being supported by several engine R&D programs at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). This research includes large programs in major-market engine categories, such as heavy-duty, non-road, and light-duty; and includes diesel, gasoline, and alternative fuel aspects. This presentation describes several key diesel engine programs being pursued under the SwRI Clean High Efficiency Diesel Engine consortium (CHEDE-VI), whose goal is to demonstrate future diesel technology exceeding 50% brake thermal efficiency. Additionally, SwRI?s High Efficiency Dilute Gasoline Engines consortium (HEDGE-II), is reviewed, where advanced technology for ultra-high efficiency gasoline engines is being demonstrated. The HEDGE-II program is built upon dilute gasoline engine research, where brake thermal efficiencies in excess of 42% are being obtained for engines applicable to the light-duty market. Presenter Charles E.

Hybrid Electric Drive (HED) provides the potential to improve military vehicle capabilities beyond the well understood fuel economy benefits. Additional HED benefits for military operations can be realized in the areas of mobility, survivability, lethality, power generation and maintainability. General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) continues to demonstrate significant advantages that HED can offer to military vehicle platforms. This presentation will focus on the advanced military capabilities provided by HED utilizing in-hub wheel motors and include a summary of GDLS demonstrator vehicles with integrated HED. Presenter Andrew Silveri, GENERAL DYNAMICS LAND SYST

Micro-pitting is a fatigue effect that occurs in geared transmission systems due to high contact stress, and monitoring its progression is vital to prevent the eventual failure of the tooth flank. Parameter signature analysis has been successfully used to monitor bending fatigue failure and advanced phases of gear surface fatigue failure such as macro-pitting and scuffing. However, due to modern improvements in steel production the main cause of gear contact fatigue failure can be attributed to surface micro-pitting rather than sub-surface phenomena. Responding to the consequent demand to detect and monitor the progression of micro-pitting, this study experimentally evaluated the development of micro-pitting in spur gears using vibration and oil debris analysis. The paper presents the development of an online health monitoring system for use with back-to-back gear test rigs.

This paper presents a new concept for a 100% plastic prototype automotive door panel. This concept has the potential of providing a weight reduction of up to 40% compared to conventional steel door panels, but with equivalent performance (static strength). This innovative technology can be used for a variety of exterior automotive parts. The concept includes a composite sandwich panel combination of GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer), and LACTIF®, which is expanded beads foam made from PLA (polylactic acid) and developed by JSP Corporation. This GFRP+LACTIF® composite design offers the following characteristics: Excellent environmental resistance Strong adhesion Equivalent static strength (vs. conventional door panels) Design flexibility This concept also offers an alternative to conventional steel door panel systems by using unsaturated polyester material of plant origin as part of the GFRP composite.

Scratch resistance is one of the most important customer requirements for automotive painting. Scratches occur as a result of a load being imposed on a paint film, which then destroys or deforms it. In order to improve the scratch resistance properties of clear coat, a specially developed molecular that act to accelerate closslinking reaction was added to the clear coat main resin. This developed molecular facilitates closslinking between multiple molecules and creates an unprecedentedly fine molecular structure. The result is a soft, highly elastic, and durable clear coat with improved resistance to light and acid as well as enhanced deformation recovery properties. It requires no special maintenance, prevents luster degradation caused by surface scratches and helps to prolong new-car color and gloss. Developmental Clear Coat is introduced into the flagship of the Lexus range - the LS as Self-restoring Coat in 2009. Presenter Junya Ogawa, Developmental Center

This technical paper collection covers recent fatigue research, analysis, analytical tools development, and novel applications of fatigue technology in the ground vehicle industry.

This collection of technical papers focuses on state-of-the-art fatigue theory and advanced development in fatigue testing, material behavior under cyclic loading, and fatigue analysis methodology & research in the ground vehicle industry.

This collection of papers focus on state-of-the-art fatigue theory and advanced development in fatigue testing, material behavior under cyclic loading, and fatigue analysis methodology & research in the ground vehicle industry. Studies and discussions on innovative and improved fatigue theory/methods in will be discussed along with and engineering applications of CAE durability analysis.

Topics of this technical paper collection include (but are not limited to) nonlinear behavior of tires and wheels, static/dynamic stress analysis, nonlinear material modeling, contact stress, impact, noise, vibration, traction, hydroplaning, effect of tires on vehicle performance, rolling resistance, and durability.

Papers in this collection focus on technology developments and the integration of these technologies into new emission control systems. Topics include the integration of various diesel particulate matter (PM) and diesel Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) reduction technologies plus analogous technologies for the growing population of direct injection gasoline engines. Novel developments in sensors and control systems will also be considered. This collection encompasses studies in the area of exhaust aftertreatment integration and durability. Topics of interest include detailed studies on the caveats of aftertreatement system design, integration and performance. Other topics of interest include studies documenting the challenges and solutions related to durability and robustness of catalytic solutions.

Abstract The flow around and downstream of the front wheels of passenger cars is highly complex and characterized by flow structure interactions between the external flow, fluid exiting through the wheelhouse, flow from the engine bay and the underbody. In the present paper the near wall flow downstream of the front wheel house is analyzed, combining two traditional methods. A tuft visualization method is used to obtain the limiting streamline pattern and information about the near wall flow direction. Additionally, time resolved surface pressure measurements are used to study the pressure distribution and the standard deviation. The propagation of the occurring flow structures is investigated by cross correlations of the pressure signal and a spectral analysis provides the characteristic frequencies of the investigated flow.

Abstract The brake discs are subjected to thermal load due to sliding by the brake pad and fluctuating loads because of the braking load. This combined loading problem requires simulation using coupled thermo-mechanical analysis for design evaluation. This work presents a combined thermal and mechanical finite element analysis (FEA) and evolutionary optimization-based novel approach for estimating the optimal design parameters of the ventilated brake disc. Five parameters controlling the design: inboard plate thickness, outboard plate thickness, vane height, effective offset, and center hole radius were considered, and simulation runs were planned. A total of 27 brake disc designs with design parameters as recommended by the Taguchi method (L27) were modeled using SolidWorks, and the FEA simulation runs were carried out using the ANSYS thermal and structural analysis tool.

Abstract The non-pneumatic tire (NPT) has been widely used due to its advantages of no run-flat, no need for air maintenance, low rolling resistance, and improvement of passenger comfort due to its better shock absorption. It has a variety of applications in military vehicles, earthmovers, the lunar rover, stair-climbing vehicles, etc. Recently, the Unique Puncture-Proof Tire System (UPTIS) NPT has been introduced for passenger vehicles. In this study, three different design configurations, viz., Tweel, Honeycomb, and newly developed UPTIS, have been compared. The effect of polyurethane (PU) material nonlinearity has also been introduced by applying five different nonlinear PU material properties in the spokes. The combined analysis of the PU material nonlinearity and spoke design configuration on the overall tire stiffness and spoke damage prediction is done using three-dimensional (3D) finite element modelling (FEM) simulations performed in ANSYS 16.0.