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Technical Paper

Dual-Catalyst Underfloor LEV/ULEV Strategies for Effective Precious Metal Management

1999-03-01
1999-01-0776
Dual-brick catalyst systems containing Pd-only catalysts followed by Pt/Rh three-way catalysts (TWCs) provide an effective strategy for managing Pt, Pd and Rh precious metal inventories while achieving LEV/ULEV emission standards. Engine aged dual-brick converters containing front Pd catalysts followed by rear Pd/Rh or Pt/Rh TWCs demonstrated LEV emission levels in an underfloor location on a TLEV calibrated 3.8L vehicle, and achieved ULEV emissions with air addition. Using identical advanced washcoat formulations stabilized with ceria-zirconia promoters, single-brick Pt/Rh TWCs demonstrated equivalent performance to Pd/Rh TWCs after thermally severe aging, and dual-brick [Pd + Pt/Rh] systems also had equivalent performance to [Pd + Pd/Rh] catalyst systems. While a Pd-only system also achieved 100K mi equivalent LEV emissions, both dual-brick options lowered emissions further using substantially lower loadings and more balanced precious metal usage.
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