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The objectives of this study were to design, develop, demonstrate and deploy a highly efficient drive-by-wire direct-wheel-drive transmissionless (differential-less and axle-less) propulsion diesel-electric drive systems for light, medium, and heavy hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The problems solved are extremely challenging because a number of long-standing problems in nonlinear analysis and control, optimization and design, manufacturing and technology developments, as well as technology transfer must be solved in order to design high-performance diesel-electric powertrains to be deployed in new generation of cars, pickups, trucks, busses and other vehicles. The major emphasis were placed to improve fuel economy and reduce emission, attain superior performance (vehicle and maneuverability, driveability and controllability), increase reliability and ruggedness, decrease cost and maintenance, etc.