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An electrically heated catalyst (EHC) and an electric pump driven secondary air supply were employed to heat and energize the catalyst immediately after starting the engine. This measure made it possible for a high performance in-line four-cylinder engine with an exhaust system layout of 4-2-1 to meet the Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (ULEV) category of the Californian Air Resource Board (CARB).

We have developed a new engine roughness tester which is capable of monitoring the spark plug voltage and crankshaft speed fluctuation as well as detecting the misfire of the SI internal combustion engine. In order to detect misfire, the newly developed “spark plug voltage analysis method” is combined with the conventional “crankshaft speed fluctuation method”. It is capable of logging ordinary data, determining the waveform for a detection / misfire