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An experimental study was conducted on in-use and new, Indian two-wheelers to study the effect of gasoline composition (olefins, aromatics and benzene) on exhaust mass emissions. Exhaust emissions of benzene were also measured. The study was conducted on six makes of new and in-use, two-wheelers consisting of popular 2-stroke and 4-stroke, mopeds, scooters and motorcycles. Three test fuels, a high olefin gasoline, a high aromatic gasoline and a Euro-III equivalent gasoline were used for the study. High olefin test gasoline contained 26.5% olefins, 10.3% aromatics and 0.3% benzene. High aromatic test gasoline contained 0.9% olefins, 61.9% aromatics and 1.5% benzene. Euro-III test gasoline contained 15.9% olefins, 37.4% aromatics and 0.9% benzene. Intake system deposit study was also conducted on 4-stroke motorcycles and two-stroke scooters having separate lubrication, using two fuels, i.e. high olefin gasoline and Euro-III gasoline, with and without the use of multi-function additives.

Environmental regulations are going to put severe demands on the oil industry for improving fuel quality. Awareness about increasing contribution of automotive vehicles to air pollution particularly in major Indian cities has led to the enforcement of more and more stringent vehicle emission regulations. Emission norms to be applicable from April 1, 2000 for gasoline and diesel vehicles call for major changes in the engine design and a substantial improvement in the present level of fuel quality. Various fuel characteristics significantly affect the vehicle emissions. Main properties of attention are content of lead, sulphur, benzene, aromatics, olefins and oxygenates, and fuel stability in case of gasoline; and cetane number, distillation range, oxidation stability, aromatics content, sulphur content and density in case of diesel fuel. This paper presents a review of the worldwide trends in fuel quality changes for meeting emission norms.