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This paper reports an investigation of the particle size distribution of different homogeneous Diesel combustion systems in comparison to conventional diffusion controlled combustion system. The influence of different operating parameters such as load or degree of homogeneity on the number of particles and the particle size distribution, determined with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, is pointed out. The homogeneous combustion of Diesel fuel possesses a large potential concerning NOX, soot and particle mass, but still a high number of nanoparticles is discharged. Additional experiments are reported, which were carried out to understand the high emission of nanoparticles at low soot combustion better and to determine the chemical composition of the nanoparticles.