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A current priority in Europe and the USA is the development of improved side collision dummies. This report presents the results of sled tests with three test subject types: cadavers (PMHS), EUROSID 1 and BIOSID. Twenty one (21) cadaver tests were performed and 9 dummy tests a piece. The left side of the test subjects were impacted under one of two different test conditions: 24 km/h rigid wall and 32 km/h padded wall. The cadavers were instrumented with a 12 thoracic, and triaxial pelvic accelerometer arrays. Thoracic deformation was calculated from rib accelerations. The dummies were instrumented in their standard formats, which included the ability to measure coronal plane thoracic deformation. For all test subject types and measurement locations the 3ms. acceleration standard deviations were low. Mean 3ms. accelerations showed no consistent relationship in magnitude between subject types. The measured dummy rib deformations were compared to the calculated cadaver deformations.

The study reports on the results of frontal collisions with 16 cadavers and two Hybrid III dummies with impact velocities of 48 km/h to 55 km/h and a mean sled deceleration of 17 g; mounted to the sled was the front part of a passenger compartment. The cadavers were restrained in the driver position with either 3-point belts (6% and 16 % elongation) and/or air bag with knee bolster and one case was unrestrained. In most cases, both a 12-accelerometer thoracic array and 2 chest bands were employed. In some cases the acceleration at Th6 was measured. The cadavers were autopsied and the injury severity was rated according to the AIS 90. Maximum resultant Th1, Th6, and Th12 accelerations or sternum accelerations in x-direction ranged from 35g to 78g when using 3-point belts and produced injuries ranging from a few rib fractures to unstable chest wall (flail chest).