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A thorough examination of the use of inertia simulation to provide dynamometers capable of accurately representing vehicle performance is presented. A description of a dynamometer system for brake testing using inertia simulation is provided. The models used to properly represent inertia losses, and both the programs and the results from experimental verification are described. The limitations due to motor power and existing fixed inertia in the system are described. Vehicle and dynamometer characteristics discussed include linear inertia, tire rolling resistance, bearing losses, windage, inclines, and motor field effects. Inertia simulation is shown to accurately model both steady state and transient vehicle performance.