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The objective of this research is to clarify the significant factors causing AIS 2+ femur or pelvis pedestrian injury, and to understand whether the current EEVC upper legform test reflects real world pedestrian accidents. An in-depth case study was conducted using the selected 82 pedestrian accident cases from 1987 to 1997 in the data base of Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI) and Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA). The results indicate the significant factors were the bonnet leading edge height, the vehicle registration year and the pedestrian age. The bumper lead was not a significant factor. However, the test condition of the EEVC upper legform test depends on the bumper lead and the bonnet leading edge height. The current test condition of the EEVC upper legform test should be reconsidered excluding the bumper lead.

Evaluation of car front aggressiveness in car-pedestrian accidents is typically done using sub-system tests. Three such tests have been proposed by EEVC/WG17: 1) the legform to bumper test, 2) the upper legform to bonnet leading edge test, and 3) the headform to bonnet top test. These tests were developed to evaluate performance of the car structure at car to pedestrian impact speed of 11.1 m/s (40 km/h), and each of them has its own impactor, impact conditions and injury criteria. However, it has not been determined yet to what extent the EEVC sub-system tests represent real-world pedestrian accidents. Therefore, there are two objectives of this study. First, to clarify the differences between the injury-related responses of full-scale pedestrian dummy and results of sub-system tests obtained under impact conditions simulating car-to-pedestrian accidents. Second, to propose modifications of current sub-system test methods. In the present study, the Polar (Honda R&D) dummy was used.