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Data presented in this paper demonstrated that the landscape for child occupant protection - the children and their restraints, vehicles, and crashes - is changing rapidly. Children are not small adults but are rather rapidly growing, developing, and changing and so too are their restraint needs. The past several years witnessed a growing awareness of these biomechanical challenges with the emergence of increased use of size-appropriate restraints for children under age 9 years and differences in patterns of injury by age. Vehicles involved in crashes with children reflect the trend overall: less passenger vans and cars and more light trucks, the majority of which are equipped with second generation air bags. The majority of crashes occurred on roads with posted speed limits below 45 miles per hour. The age group of particular concern is the newly driving teenage years (16-19) in which the crash and fatality rates are the highest among all age groups.