Journal Article
Real Time Observations of Water Entering and Leaving Internal Combustion Engine Oil, Over Both Standard Engine, ICE and Plug-in Hybrid, PHEV Dynamic Drive-Cycles
2023-04-11
2023-01-0342
Due to the global drive for carbon neutrality, passenger vehicle gasoline engines are transitioning to higher levels of electrification, such as hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, HEVs and PHEVs. Compared with conventional internal combustion, ICE only operation, the combustion engine in a HEV or PHEV typically operates for shorter periods. In turn the engine coolant and lubricant temperatures are often lower. Such cooler engine running is particularly noticeable for a variety of conditions including short journeys in charge-sustaining mode, urban motoring, a journey length towards the end of the electric range, at cold ambient temperatures, or a combination of these conditions. All C-type piston rings allow limited combustion gases to escape through the ring end-gap.