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Transient liquid and vapor penetration of diesel sprays is numerically investigated for conditions corresponding to early-injection timings; this injection approach can be followed since it allows sufficient fuel-ambient mixing avoiding NO and soot-forming combustion. Model validation takes place against experimental data available for injection into an optically accessible constant volume chamber using a single-hole injector nozzle. A parametric analysis on the effect of ambient temperature and density, injection duration, multiple injection strategy and nozzle hole diameter is performed to enlighten the development of the injected sprays for various early-injection strategies. The model is found to predict reasonably well the experimental trends both for steady-state and transient injection events.

The development of diesel sprays at late-cycle post-injection conditions is numerically investigated using a dense-particle Eulerian-Lagrangian stochastic methodology. Model validation takes place against experimental data available for injection into an optically accessible constant volume chamber using a single-hole injector nozzle. A parametric analysis on the effect of ambient temperature and density, injection duration and multiple injection strategy is performed to enlighten the development of the injected sprays for various post-injection strategies, with densities in the range of 1.2 - 3 kg/m₃ and temperature in the range of 800 - 1400 K.