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Low and ultra low viscosity oils are one of the main solutions considered in view of the improvement of energy efficiency for better fuel economy. The recent modification of SAE J300 engine oil viscosity classification, to include engine oils with high temperature & high shear rate (HTHS) viscosity of 2.3 mPa·s for the SAE 16 grade, has opened debate on the possible real benefits that could derive, in terms of fuel economy and CO2 emission reduction, from the use of ultra low viscosity oils on engines of current technology. Two European compact cars (C-segment) of recent technology and similar characteristics were employed in our laboratories, on chassis-dyno test bed, to evaluate fuel economy with the use of oils having an HTHS viscosity decreasing from 2.9 to 2.0 mPa·s, with a −0.3 mPa·s step.