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Non-plugin hybrids represent a technology with the capability to significantly reduce fuel consumption (FC), without any changes to refuelling infrastructure. The EU market share for this vehicle type in the passenger car segment was 3% in 2018 and this powertrain type remains of interest as an option to meet the European Union (EU) fleet average CO2 limits. EU legislative procedures require emissions limits to be met during the chassis dynamometer test and in the on-road real driving emissions (RDE) test, while official CO2/FC figures are quantified via the laboratory chassis dynamometer test only. This study employed both legislative test procedures and compared the results. Laboratory (chassis) dynamometer testing was conducted using the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). On-road testing was carried out in accordance with RDE requirements, measuring the concentration of regulated gaseous emissions and the number of solid particles (PN).

This paper discusses the legislative situation regarding type approval of plug-in hybrid vehicles (also known as off-vehicle charging hybrid-electric vehicles, OVC-HEV) in the range of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. A range of tests were conducted on two Euro 6d-complaint OVC-HEVs to quantify emissions. Procedures were based on EU legislative requirements. For laboratory (chassis dyno) testing, two different test cycles and three different ambient temperatures were used for testing. Furthermore, in some cases additional measurements were performed, including measurement of emissions of particulate matter and continuous analysis of regulated and unregulated pollutants in undiluted exhaust. Consumption of electrical energy was also monitored. On-road testing was conducted on the test vehicle tested on the chassis dyno in the tests mentioned above, as well as on a second OVC-HEV test vehicle.