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In the last decade, the equivalent circuit model has been utilized to model lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicle applications. Different researchers have proposed a variety of equivalent circuit models from simple to complex ones. The parameters required to describe and build these equivalent circuit models are being extracted from the Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) Test data. This paper describes the process of the extraction of the equivalent circuit model parameters to build the battery models using different test methodologies such as HPPC and its modified versions. It also presents a case study with validated test results for a commercial light weight EV. Firstly, showing how the cell is characterized and then how the pack level cooling is developed to reach the required range based on an aggressive drive cycle.

With the mass movement toward electrification and renewable technologies, the scope of innovation of electrification has gone beyond the automotive industry into areas such as electric motorcycle applications. This paper provides a discussion of the methodology and complexities of converting an internal combustion motorcycle to an electric motorcycle. In developing this methodology, performance goals including, speed limits, range, weight, charge times, as well as riding styles will be examined and discussed. Based on the goals of this paper, parts capable of reaching the performance targets are selected accordingly. Documentation of the build process will be presented along with the constraints, pitfalls, and difficulties associated with the process of the project. The step-by-step process that is developed can be used as a guideline for future build and should be used as necessary.