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Stereoscopic particle-image velocimetry (PIV) is used to investigate the non-reacting flow field in the combustion chamber of a motored direct-injection spark ignition (DISI) engine with tumble intake port. The in-cylinder flow is controlled by variable valve timing (VVT), i.e., shifting of the intake cam shaft to earlier or later crank angles (cam phasing). VVT systems are already implemented in production combustion engines, e.g., BMW's Vanos system, to improve the volumetric efficiency and to reduce pumping losses. In the present study, the underlying flow phenomena, i.e., the effect of VVT on the tumble development and turbulent kinetic energy, are analyzed. The flow field is investigated at a set of early, intermediate, and late intake valve opening (IVO) positions during the intake and compression strokes, thus enabling the analysis of the temporal development of the main flow structures.

Numerical analyses of the liquid fuel injection and subsequent fuel-air mixing for a high-tumble direct injection engine with an active pre-chamber ignition system at operation conditions of 2000 RPM are presented. The Navier-Stokes equations for compressible in-cylinder flow are solved numerically using a hierarchical Cartesian mesh based finite-volume method. To determine the fuel vapor before ignition large-eddy flow simulations are two-way coupled with the spray droplets in a Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) formulation. The combined hierarchical Cartesian mesh ensures efficient usage of high performance computing systems through solution adaptive refinement and dynamic load balancing. Computational meshes with approximately 170 million cells and 1.0 million spray parcels are used for the simulations.