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India BS6 Stage2 (2023) regulations demand all gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles to meet particulate number emissions (PN) below 6x10+11# per km. Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are a proven technology and enable high PN filtration efficiencies throughout the entire vehicle lifetime. One challenge for GPF applications could be the changing emission performance characteristics as a function of mileage due to collected ash and/or soot deposits with implications on back pressure losses. The main objective of this technical contribution is to study the above-mentioned challenges while applying Indian driving conditions and typical Indian climate and other ambient conditions. The substrate technology selected for this study is a high porosity GPF designed to enable the integration of a three-way functionality into the GPF, commonly described as catalyzed GPF (cGPF).

With the growing awareness about the presence of fine/ultra fine particulates in the ambient air and their negative impact on climate and health, some regions of the world have started to look closer at the contribution of road traffic. Since Gasoline engines, in particular when injecting fuel directly into the combustion chamber, proved to emit relevant numbers of particulates, even hardly visible, the growing share of Gasoline DI engines and their small size of particulate emissions is a concern. To address the same, the EU has already set limits for the particulate number with EU6 from 2015 onwards. The US considers setting challenging limits by particulate mass. Since mass of ultra fine particulates is very low and difficult to measure, experts investigate if a measurement by number might better address the particular concern. The implementation of a coated Particulate Filter enables meeting not only basic demands during traditional emission test cycles.

In order to study the influence of lubricant ash on the performance of the CN6 after-treatment system, especially the catalyst characteristics of Coated Gasoline Particulate Filter (CGPF), the system was rapidly aged on the engine bench by blending combustion method, and the ash content of 60g represented the endurance of 200kkm CGPF. The effects of CGPF with different endurance mileage on particulate matter emission, gas light-off temperature and engine performance of a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) vehicle were studied on the engine bench, chassis dynamometer and real-road tests. Finally, the ash distribution was analyzed by computed tomography (CT). The results showed that the vehicle equipped with CGPF could meet the requirements of CN6 particulate and gas emission limits under both worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC) and real driving emission (RDE) tests.