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The motivation for investigating micro air vehicles (MAVs) is given, and the advantages of insect-like flapping-wing MAVs (FMAVs) over other possible solutions are shown to be manifold. The complex kinematics of an insect-like flapping wing, and the highly unsteady flow produced by this motion, are examined. The inability of conventional, steady, aerodynamics to explain the large forces produced by such mechanisms is shown. A review is made of some early techniques in unsteady aerodynamics, followed by an examination of some more recent attempts to analyse the problem. Finally, the scope of the current research is explained, and a research plan is outlined.