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The performance of zeolite based, catalyzed hydrocarbon (HC) traps were evaluated with different inlet HC species and warm up profiles. Five different settings of cold–start spark timing were used each on separate FTP75 vehicle emission tests with constant neutral engine idle speed and fueling schedule. A test vehicle aftertreatment system that consisted of two converter assemblies, close-coupled and underbody, was modified by exchanging the bricks in the latter assembly with HC traps. With increasing spark retard from 9° BTDC to −17° BTDC, exhaust temperature increased, engine–out non–methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emissions decreased, the concentration of large chain (C6+) HC species decreased and the small chain (C2–3) HC species increased. Lab flow reactor experiments showed that HC traps do not effectively manage small chain HC species with efficient adsorption or retention to conversion.

Dynamic single range analyzers are designed to cover the wide range of concentrations that once required multiple ranges. The use of single range analyzers is attractive because they can significantly reduce installation costs, gas cylinder charges, and facility storage space. The new technology relies on expansion of the digital dynamic range of the analyzer combined with the availability of a high accuracy gas divider with a 500 to one dilution ratio and a large number of cut points. A series of four MEXA 7000 series bag bench analyzers manufactured by Horiba Instruments, Inc., were evaluated to compare multiple range operation with single range operation. This report describes the operation of these analyzers and summarizes the evaluation methods and results. The evaluation verified the ability of the analyzers to operate in single range mode.