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Complexity of the modern diesel engine has increased to meet the stringent future emission regulations especially for NO (nitrogen oxide) and PM (particulate matter). Air management system including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), turbocharger and variable valve actuation (VVA) must be optimized of its design and control algorithm for combustion improvement coupled with precision control of fuel injection. As a matter of course, the optimization of aftertreatment system is extremely important for the exhaust emissions reduction. In addition, improvement of fuel consumption is very important from the standpoint of response to energy security and reduction of CO₂ (carbon dioxide) emission as the greenhouse gas. However an enormous amount of energy will be required to develop such kind of the complex engine system by conventional actual testing.