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In order to deal with upcoming and ever-more stringent diesel engine exhaust emissions limits, efficiency requirements, and after-treatment technology, further technology advancement has been required of the fuel injection system. In this research, CRS with the capability of varying the injection rate shape installed on a single cylinder and a multi-cylinder test engine, and tests were carried out. Results showed that with control of the injection rate shape, it became possible to control combustion and improve the NOx-fuel consumption and NOx-PM trade offs by offering the ability to optimize the injection rate. This leads one to believe that injection rate shape control is an essential function for future fuel injection systems.

The lean NOx trap (LNT) has been proposed as a NOx after-treatment device for diesel engines. In order to successfully apply a LNT to diesel engines, it has thus far been necessary for the LNT to have intermittent rich operation (so-called rich spike, RS), and the stored NOx is purged and reduced by RS to maintain NOx conversion performance. However, since RS tends to increase fuel consumption, optimized RS control is necessary to keep the fuel consumption increase to a minimum. In order to do that, a suitable LNT control system is necessary, like one that has the functionality to accurately estimate the amount of stored NOx, and indicate the proper RS timing according to this value. In this research a model-based control method was adopted to accurately estimate the amount of stored NOx present in the LNT. The LNT parameters were characterized by polynomial fits and modeled. Moreover, using a NOx sensor mounted downstream of the LNT, an adaptive estimation method was adopted.