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Engine calibration involves the interaction of electronic components with various engine systems like intake system, exhaust system, ignition system, etc. Emissions are the by-products of combustion of fuel and air inside the combustion chamber. After-treatment systems generally take up the responsibility to scrape out harmful emissions from the engines. However, a good engine calibration will focus on emission reduction at source i.e., during the combustion itself. Thus, the intake of air and fuel in proper amount at each engine operating point is crucial for optimized engine performance and minimal emissions. The Intake system is an integral part of any internal combustion engine and it plays an important role to improve its performance and emission. Generally, for a SI engine, maintaining the stoichiometric A/F ratio is a challenging endeavour from an operational standpoint.

As competent and low-pollution alternative fuel, CNG has revealed its excellence over engine performance and emissions. In recent years, CNG is considered as the diesel engine alternative fuel for heavy-duty engine applications due to its lower emissions and cost effective after-treatment systems. Due to the implementation of stricter emission norms over the years, the evolution of the fuel supply system has become more robust and electronically controlled. In the case of CNG engines, most of the engines were equipped with MPFI fuel system, for its precise fuel control abilities and controlling emission parameters. However, this MPFI system encompasses severe design changes in the intake manifold and is cost worthy to OEMs over the SPFI fuel system. MPFI system adds on the overall cost of the engine unit and its maintenance when compared to SPFI system.