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During engine durability tests (peak power, constant engine speed) conducted in the development process, it has been the case that excessive wear has occurred to the upper surfaces of the piston top ring grooves, despite the fact that contact pressure due to combustion pressure has been low. This has resulted in considerable increases in development man-hours. The research discussed in this paper therefore set out to conduct a factor analysis of wear on the upper surfaces of piston top ring grooves in order to elucidate the wear mechanism in petrol engine for passenger car. This paper will discuss the test method employed in the factor analysis and the mechanism of wear demonstrated by the analysis. First, the form of the wear was analyzed, and rig test methods able to reproduce wear were developed. With regard to the form of wear, both sliding and impact modes were observed. Sensitivity analyses for each form of wear were conducted using rig tests.