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A new hydrogen fueling protocol named MC Formula Moto was developed for fuel cell motorcycles (FCM) with a smaller hydrogen storage capacity than those of light duty FC vehicles (FCV) currently covered in the SAE J2601 standard (over than 2kg storage). Building on the MC Formula based protocol from the 2016 SAE J2601 standard, numerous new techniques were developed and tested to accommodate the smaller storage capacity: an initial pressure estimation using the connection pulse, a fueling time counter which begins the main fueling time prior to the connection pulse, a pressure ramp rate fallback control, and other techniques. The MC Formula Moto fueling protocol has the potential to be implemented at current hydrogen stations intended for fueling of FCVs using protocols such as SAE J2601. This will allow FCMs to use the existing and rapidly growing hydrogen infrastructure, precluding the need for exclusive dispensers or stations.

A new hydrogen fueling protocol called MC Multi Map (MC-MM) was developed to reduce hydrogen station operating costs. With the MC-MM, the number of fueling control maps has increased from before and precise switching among them according to circumstances has achieved relaxation of precooling temperatures. Fueling control maps for hydrogen stations are created in accordance with Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) protocol, but with the MC-MM, greater accuracy of mapping is necessary, so steps were taken to revise the boundary conditions prescribed by the SAE. The creation of fueling control maps for a hydrogen fueling protocol used to require outsourcing of map analysis. However, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory research institute in the US has made a hydrogen fueling simulation called H2FillS publicly available on the Web so that analysis of fueling control maps can now be performed by anyone.