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A method for robust tuning of individual cylinders air-fuel ratio is proposed. The fuel injection is adjusted so that each cylinder has the same air-fuel ratio in inner control loops, and the resulting air-fuel ratio in the exhaust pipe is controlled with an exhaust gas oxygen sensor (EGO) in an outer control loop to achieve stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Correction factors to provide cylinder individual fuel injection timing are calculated based on measurements of the ion currents for the individual cylinders. An implementation in a production vehicle is shown with results from driving on the highway.

Estimation of combustion variability can be performed by using ion currents measured at the spark plug. A scheme is here proposed that exploits the potential of using measurements from multiple cylinders to improve the estimation accuracy of combustion variability (measured by the coefficient of variation of IMEP). This is realised by dividing combustion variability into categories and having one classifier running for each cylinder with the ion current as input signal. The final estimate of combustion variability is then formed by a majority vote among the classifiers. This scheme is shown to improve estimation accuracy by up to 15% on measurements taken from highway driving in a production vehicle.